Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Immunology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

CXCL13

A

produced by BRCs in the LN; essential for proper B cell migration and compartmentalization into follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CCL21

A

produced by TRCs in the LN, essential for T cell migration into and compartmentalization of T cells in the LN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cathespin B

A

Also known as Cath-B. Converts immobile CXCL13 to soluble CXCL13, allowing for proper B cell localization in the LN.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CCR7

A

Receptor for CCL21/19. Mostly expressed on T cells and DCs and used to co-localize these cells in the T-zone in LN to facilitate their interaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TRC produces these cytokines:

A

CCL19, CCL21, CXCL12, and IL-7.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CCL19

A

Specific for CCR7 and produced by TRCs in LNs. Attracts T cells to the LNs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

LPA/LPA2

A

LPA binds receptor LPA2 on T cells, which both activates RhoA and reduces T cell adhesion to the reticular network, driving T cell migration [23]. Accordingly, both FRC-specific LPA and T cell specific LPA2 knockout mice exhibit strongly reduced T cell migration within the T zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

IL-7

A

T cell survival cytokine produced by stromal cells in the LNs and thymus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PDPN

A

Podoplanin, expressed on stromal cells, regulates actomyosin properties of FRCs in LNs, thereby dictating LN stiffness/shape.

Also interacts with CLEC2 expressed on DCs, to facilitate DC mobility in T cell zone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CXCL13

A

ligand for CXCR5, expressed by naive B cells. CXCL13 is produced by fDCs in the B cell follicle to recruit naive B cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CXCR5

A

Receptor for CXCL13. Expressed by naive B cells, allowing them to home to the B cell follicle in the LN.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

LFA-1

A

Leukocyte Factor 1: Integrin composed of CD11a/CD18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CD18

A

Beta chain of B2 integrins (LFA-1, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CD64

A

Fc(gamma)RI, expressed on Mqs, monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

α4β7

A

Binds MAdCAM-1 expressed on gut vascular endothelium; allows for homing to the lamina propia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CCR9

A

Receptor for CCL25, which is expressed in the small intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CCL25

A

Ligand for CCR9. Expressed in the small intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CD103

A

Expressed on some LP cDCs (also known as integrin αE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Three different types of LP cDCs (based on markers)

A

CD103+CD11b−XCR1+cDC1 (XCR1+ cDC1)
CD103+CD11b+SIRPα+cDC2 (CD103+ cDC2)
CD103−CD11b+SIRPα+cDC2 (CD103− cDC2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Zbtb46

A

Transcription factor required for development of all three subtypes of LP cDCs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

XCR1+ cDC1 transcription factor requirements

A

BATF3, Id2, or IRF8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CD103+ cDC2 transcription factor requirements

A

IRF4, Notch2, or KLF4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

CD103− cDC2 transcription factor requirements

A

Zeb2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

intestinal macrophage markers

A

CD64, F4/80, Mer tyrosine kinase, CD169 (and most are CX3CR1+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Th17 cytokines
IL-17 A, IL-17 F, IL-21, and IL-22
26
"find-me" signals released by dying cells to stimulate nearby phagocytes
modified membrane lipids (LPC, S1P), nucleotides (ATP, UTP), chemokines (CX3CL1).`
27
DNaseI v. DNaseII v. DNaseIII
DNaseI degrades DNA in the EC environment, while DNaseIII degrades cytoplasmic DNA. DNaseII degrades DNA in the lysosomes of phagocytes that have engulfed dying cells.
28
phosphatidylserine
phospholipid restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in healthy cells. It becomes exposed on the outer leaflet during apoptosis and is recognized by scavenging phagocytes for engulfment of the presenting cell.
29
CD36
Scavenger receptor that recognizes anionic phospholipids exposed on dying cells; promotes engulfment of those cells.
30
Dynamin
A member of the protein gTPase family, mainly involved in the scission of newly formed vesicles from a membrane and their fusion with another membrane.
31
Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3)-associated phagocytosis (LAP)
A non-apoptotic function of several proteins of the autophagy pathway, resulting in lipidation of lC3 family proteins on the phagosome membrane, enhancing fusion of the phagosome with lysosomes.
32
Pannexin 1 (PANX1)
Caspase3/7-activated channel protein that forms a small pore in the plasma membrane of cells undergoing active apoptosis, allowing small (<1kDa) proteins such as ATP to escape into the EC matrix as 'find-me' signals for phagocytes.
33
Liver X Receptors (LXRs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARs)
nuclear receptor transcription factors that dimerize with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) in response to ligands (e.g., oxysterols by LXRs, unsaturated fatty acids by PPARs) to regulate lipid metabolism gene transcription - importantly activated upon ingestion of an apoptotic cell by a phagocyte to correct for the massive influx of lipid upon degrading a cell.
34
Dectin-1
strongly expressed by macrophages, neutrophils and DCs and recognizes 􏰁-1,3-linked glucans (polymers of glucose), which are common components of fungal cell walls
35
mannose receptor (MR)
C-type lectin expressed by macrophages and DCs that recognizes various mannosylated ligands present on bacteria and fungi, and assists in scavenging in Mqs
36
Class A scavenger receptors
SR-A I, SR-A II, and MARCO (macrophage receptor with a collagenous structure), which all bind various bacterial cell-wall components and help to internalize bacteria
37
fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLF) receptor
G-protein-coupled receptor that senses the presence of bacteria by recognizing a unique feature of bacterial polypeptides. Protein synthesis in bacteria is typically initiated with an N-formylmethionine (fMet) residue, an amino acid present in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes
38
NADPH oxidase
Also known as phagocyte oxidase, it is a membrane-associated multicomponent enzyme that generates superoxides in activated phagocytes.
39
chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
Disease in which patients with a deficiency in NADPH oxidase present with an inability to produce toxic oxygen derivatives and a decreased ability to kill ingested microbes
40
TLR1:TLR2 heterodimer ligands
Lipomannans (mycobacteria) Lipoproteins (diacyl lipopeptides; triacyl lipopeptides) Lipoteichoic acids (Gram-positive bacteria) Cell-wall β-glucans (bacteria and fungi) Zymosan (fungi)
41
TLR1:TLR2 heterodimer hematopoietic expression
Monocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils
42
TLR-2:TLR-6 heterodimer ligands
Lipomannans (mycobacteria) Lipoproteins (diacyl lipopeptides; triacyl lipopeptides) Lipoteichoic acids (Gram-positive bacteria) Cell-wall β-glucans (bacteria and fungi) Zymosan (fungi)
43
TLR-2:TLR-6 heterodimer hematopoietic expression
Monocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils
44
TLR-3 ligands
Double-stranded RNA (viruses), poly I:C
45
TLR-3 hematopoietic expression
Macrophages, dendritic cells, intestinal epithelium
46
TLR-4 'co-receptors'
MD-2 and CD14
47
TLR-4 &co. ligands
``` LPS (Gram-negative bacteria) Lipoteichoic acids (Gram-positive bacteria) ```
48
TLR-4 & co. hematopoietic expression
Macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils
49
TLR-5 ligands
Flagellin (bacteria)
50
TLR-5 hematopoietic expression
Intestinal epithelium, macrophages, dendritic cell
51
TLR-7 ligands
Single-stranded RNA (viruses)
52
TLR-7 hematopoietic expression
Mostly Plasmacytoid dendritic cells,, B cells
53
TLR-8 ligands
Single-stranded RNA (viruses)
54
TLR-8 hematopoietic expression
Macrophages, neutrophils
55
TLR-9 ligands
DNA with unmethylated CpG (bacteria and herpesviruses)
56
TLR-9 hematopoietic expression
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, eosinophils, B cells, basophils
57
TLR-10 ligands
(human only) Unknown!
58
TLR-10 hematopoietic expression
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, eosinophils, B cells, basophils
59
TLR-11 ligands
(mouse only) - profilin and profilin-like proteins (Toxoplasma gondii, uropathogenic bacteria)
60
TLR-11 hematopoietic expression
(mouse only) - Macrophages, DCs (also liver, kidney and bladder)
61
TLR-12 ligands
(mouse only) - profilin (Toxoplasma gondii)
62
TLR-12 hematopoietic expression
(mouse only) - Macrophages, DCs, (also liver kidney and bladder)
63
TLR-13 ligands
(mouse only) - ssRNA (bacterial ribosomal RNA)
64
TLR-13 hematopoietic expression
(mouse only) - Macrophages, DCs
65
Extracellular TLRs (plasma membrane bound)
TLR2:TLR1 heterodimers, TLR-2:TLR-6 heterodimers, TLR-5, TLR-4
66
Intracellular TLRs (vesicle/endosome bound)
TLR-3, TLR-7, TLR-8, TLR-9
67
MD-2
Accessory protein for TLR-4 signaling that binds to TLR-4 within the cell and is necessary for proper trafficking of the PRR.
68
Four signaling molecules used in TLR signaling
MyD88, MAL (TIRAP), TRIF, TRAM
69
TLR-2 and TLR-1 adaptor molecule
MyD88/MAL (TIRAP)
70
TLR-3 adaptor molecule
TRIF
71
TLR-4 adaptor molecules
MyD88/MAL (TIRAP), TRIF/TRAM
72
TLR-5 adaptor molecule
MyD88
73
TLR-2/6 adaptor molecule
MyD88/MAL (TIRAP)
74
TLR-7 adaptor molecule
MyD88
75
TLR-8 adaptor molecule
MyD88
76
TLR-9 adaptor molecule
MyD88
77
TLR-11/12 adaptor molecule
MyD88
78
TLR-13 adaptor molecule
MyD88
79
NFkB transcription effects
proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a, IL-1B and IL-6.
80
NOD1 ligand
D-glutamyl meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), a breakdown product of peptidoglycans of Gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella and some Gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria
81
NOD2 ligand
muramyl dipeptide (MDP), which is present in the peptidoglycans of most bacteria
82
TIR domain proteins
MyD88, MAL, TRIF, TRAM, all TLRs
83
CARD domain proteins
Caspase 1, RIP2, RIG-1, MDA-5, MAVs, NODs,NLRC4,ASC, NLRP1
84
Pyrin domain proteins
AIM2, IFI16, ASC, NLRP1-14
85
DD (death domain) domain proteins
MyD88, IRAK1, IRAK4, DR4, DR5, FADD, FAS
86
DED (death effector domain) domain proteins
Caspase 8, caspase 10, FADD

Immunology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions