Week 1 .1 Flashcards
What are 4 main purposes of the respiratory system?
Gas Exchange
Acid-Base balance
Protection from Infection
Communication via Speech
Internal vs External Respiration?
Internal respiration is within cells, releasing energy via glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation
External respiration is using CVS and Resp systems to move gasses from external environment to inside, between body’s cells
What is the net volume of O2 and CO2 exchanged in the lungs?
250 L/min O2 and 200 L/min CO2
What is the normal breathing rate?
12-18 breaths/min
What is an acronym to remember anatomy of respiratory system?
APELT B
Airways (nose)
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Describe the pharynx
Part of both resp and digestive (alimentary) system
Describe the Epiglottis
Small flap of cartilage tissue, usually open but closes when we swallow to prevent food entering the trachea
Describe the Larynx
The voice box
Where does the lower respiratory tract begin?
Trachea and below, inc. bronchi and alveoli
What is the conducting zone vs the respiratory zone?
Conducting zone is trachea and bronchioles as membranes are toot hick for diffusion to occur.
Respiratory zone is alveoli as gas exchange occurs directly here
How many secondary bronchi are there on either side, and how many times does it split?
Bronchi on right have 3 secondary bronchi, while only 2 on left
Bronchi split 22 times on each side
What is the surface area of the alveoli? How much gas can each lung fit?
80m^2 fitting 3L in each lung
Where does resistance occur most commonly in the lung?
In the upper airways, e.g. trachea, then bronchi. This is because we only have 1 trachea compared to 80 million alveoli. Cross sectional area of trachea is far smaller, followed by bronchi
What is tidal volume and its normal value?
Volume of air breathed in at each breath - 500ml in and 500ml out
What do ERV and IRV stand for?
Expiratory reserve value and Inspiratory reserve value - max volume of air that can be released or drawn in
