Week 04: Tsunamis, Volcanoes, & FEMA Mitigation Ideas Flashcards
What are five causes of Tsunamis?
- Primarily associated with earthquakes in oceans and coastal settings
- Landslides
- Volcanic eruptions
- Nuclear explosions
(Week 04 - Slide 04)
What determines whether a tsunami reaches the shore? (3)
- Amount of energy involved
- Area impacted
- Movement of the waves themselves
(Week 04 - Slide 05)
What occurs when a tsunami enters shallow waters?
It slows down considerably but wave height increases
(Week 04 - Slide 7)
Fill in the blanks:
Tsunami’s range is size: _____ to ____ and they strike in ________ waves.
Successive waves can be bigger, and they can hit the coast __ minutes to _______ hours apart.
Micro, Mega, Multiple, 15, Several
(Week 04 - Slide 08)
What can inform the reach of damage?
The topography of the area of impact.
(Week 04 - Slide 08)
There are three categories of tsunamis, what are they?
- Near-source
- Mid-source
- Far-source
(Week 04 - Slide 09)
Tsunamis are most common where and are rarer but destructive where?
Most common in the Pacific Ocean
Rarer but destructive in the Indian Ocean
(Week 04 - Slide 10)
A tsunami at high tide is more dangerous than low tide, why? (3)
- High tide = running start
- Reaching further inland
- Low-lying areas are particularly vulnerable
(Week 04 - Slide 20)
Fill in the blanks:
_______ ______ = rising ___ levels = __________ potential of tsunami.
Climate Change, Sea, Increasing
(Week 04 - Slide 20)
Earth’s biggest extinction that occurred 250 million years ago was a result of what?
Volcanic Eruption
(Week 04 - Slide 23)
What percent of marine species and land dwellers were wiped off the face of the planet over the course of about 60,000 years?
90% marine species
75% land-dwellers
(Week 04 - Slide 23)
Volcanoes typically form in three different settings, what are they?
- Divergent Plate Boundaries
- Convergent Plate Boundaries
- Over Hotspots
(Week 04 - Slide 26)
What during a volcanic eruption does the following:
- Usually moves slowly and therefore is rarely a direct threat to people
- Its path can be roughly predicted
- Its contact with snow can produce flooding and debris flow
- Contact with forests can cause wildfires
Lava
(Week 04 - Slide 34)
Canada has how many potentially active volcano areas, all of which are located in British Columbia and the Yukon Territory?
5
(Week 04 - Slide 48)
Where are the five potentially active volcanic areas in Canada that are located in British Columbia and Yukon Territory?
- The Garibaldi Volcanic Belt of Southwest BC
- The Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field of east central BC
- The Northern Cordilleran volcanic province of northwest BC
- The Anahim Volcanic Belt of central BC
- The Wrangell Volcanic Belt of Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory
(Week 04 - Slide 48 & 49)
What are six strategies to mitigate impacts from volcanic eruptions?
- Learning from past eruptions
- Establishing detection and monitoring systems
- Preparedness and evacuation planning
- Land use planning
- Improved communications
- Public Awareness and Education
(Week 04 - Slide 53)
According to the FEMA Mitigation Ideas document, what are three Local Planning and Regulations for mitigating Tsunamis?
- Map and Assess Vulnerability to Tsunami
- Manage Development in Tsunami Hazard Areas
- Protect against Fire Following Tsunami
(Week 04, FEMA - p. 66)
According to the FEMA Mitigation Ideas document, what are the two Structure and Infrastructure Projects for mitigating tsunamis?
- Build Tsunami shelters
- Protect Buildings and Infrastructure
(Week 04, FEMA - p. 67)
According to the FEMA Mitigation Ideas document, what is the Education and Awareness Program for mitigating tsunamis?
Increase Public Awareness of Tsunami Hazard
(Week 04, FEMA - p. 67)
