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PLSC 260 > Weeds L2 > Flashcards

Weeds L2 Flashcards

1
Q

example of person - place - time

A

person - dandelions in lawn
place - volunteer crops (or time)
time - kochia

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2
Q

ecology weed definition

A

a plant that forms populations and enters habitats cultivated, disturbed, or occupied by man and can depress or replace resident populations which are cultivated or are of ecological and/or aesthetic value

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3
Q

Agricultural weed defintion

A

any plant not intentionally sown or propagated by the grower that requires management to prevent it from interfering with crop or livestock production

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4
Q

allelopathy

A

the positive and negative effects of plants on other organisms through chemical substances

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5
Q

how do plants communitcate

A

above ground via volatiles
below ground via root exudates

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6
Q

plant volatiles

A

chemicals that plants release into the air

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7
Q

root exudates

A

chemicals exuded by roots of growing plants

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8
Q

kin recognition

A

plants recognize if there is the same species next to them or if it is an alternate species

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9
Q

how does kin recognition affect crops

A

crops have been bred to be less competitive with neighbors, which means that the presence of non-kin species can reduce yields

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10
Q

Example of kin recognition

A

rice does not exude chemicals when next to rice, but produces more root excretes when next to a different species

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11
Q

Potential strategy with kin recognition for improve weed management

A

make crops more competitive against weeds

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12
Q

How are weeds classified?

A

habitat
structure and appearance/taxonomic relation
life cycle
origin

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13
Q

Types of weed habitats

A

cropland, rangeland, forests, aquatic, and environmental weeds

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14
Q

Example of weeds in forests

A

Scotch broom in British Columbia

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15
Q

Example of weed in pastures

A

Nodding thistle - cattle don’t eat it

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16
Q

Example of aquatic weed

A

Water Hyacinth - can completely clog waterways and make water inhabitable

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17
Q

Suffix of most weeds

A

aceae

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18
Q

How are weeds classified through structure and appearance?

A

Monocotyledons and dicotyledons

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19
Q

monocotyledon

A

one cotyledon

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20
Q

dicotyledons

A

2 cotyledons

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21
Q

Types of monocotyledons

A

grasses, sedges, and rushes

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22
Q

Types of dicotyledons

A

broadleaf plants

23
Q

grasses (poaceae)

A

annual of perennial
narrow, parallel-veined leaves
circular jointed stems that are hollow at internodes

24
Q

sedges (cyperaceae)

A

perennial grass-like plants that are common in wet, poorly drained soils
triangular, non-jointed stem that is solid

25
Q

rushes

A

annual or perennial plants that look similar to sedges
grass-like tufted leaves
circular, non-jointed stems that are hollow

26
Q

ferns

A

primitive perennial plants that do not produce flowers/seeds and reproduce by long rhizomes or spores
consist of leaf/frond and a stalk

27
Q

Branken weed

A

causes sickness and death in livestock

28
Q

Types of life cycles

A

Summer annual
Winter annual
biennials
perennials

29
Q

types of perennials

A

simple and creeping

30
Q

summer annuals

A

germinate in spring, mature, produce seeds, and die in the fall (1 growing season)
most common type of weed in annually tilled fields

31
Q

examples of summer annual weeds

A

giant foxtail, smooth pigweed, common lambs quarters

32
Q

winter annual

A

germinate in late summer/fall, mature, produce seeds, and then die the following spring/summer
problem in fall seeded crops, early spring grains, pastures, and no-till fields

33
Q

Winter annual weed examples

A

common chickweed, downy brome, annual bluegrass

34
Q

biennials

A

grow from seed anytime during the growing season, usually producing rosette first year, then flower, mature, and die second season
Problem in no-till, pastures

35
Q

Examples of biennial weeds

A

wild carrot, bull/must thistle, poison hemlock

36
Q

perennials

A

live more than 2 years
problem in no-till, pastures, roadsides, and row crops

37
Q

simple perennial

A

form a deep taproot and spread primarily by seed dispersal

38
Q

Example of simple perennial

A

dandelion, common pokeweed

39
Q

creeping perennial

A

either herbaceous or woody and can spread by both vegetative structures and seed

40
Q

Examples of creeping perennial (herbaceous and woody)

A

Herbaceous - canada thistle, common milkweed, common purslane
Woody - poison ivy, bamboo, brambles

41
Q

Why do you have more problems with perennials with more tillage?

A

you spread the vegetative parts around

42
Q

Examples of parasitic weeds

A

mistletoe, broomrape, dodder

43
Q

How is mistletoe parasitic

A

birds eat berries and clean beak on trees to get rid of sticky seed. Grows on trunk and gets nutrients from host plant (can photosynthesize

44
Q

How is broomrape parasitic

A

Will germinate and connect to host plant with roots (cant photosynthesize)

45
Q

How is dodder parasitic

A

germinates in-ground and finds host plant to grab onto. will spread to other plants when host plant dies

46
Q

Types of weed origins

A

Native
non-native/exotic/alien

47
Q

Native weeds

A

occur naturally in a place without human intervention

48
Q

non-native weeds

A

introduced to an area by people from other contents, states, ecosystems, or habitats

49
Q

Examples of weed species native to North America

A

Annual sunflower, common plantain, canada fleabane, bluebur, field horsetail, foxtail barley, giant ragweed

50
Q

Examples of alien weeds from Europe or eurasia

A

Green foxtail, wild oat, wild buckwheat, lambs quarters, canada thistle, dandelion

51
Q

invasive species

A

cases when exotic species aggressively displace native species and reduce land value

52
Q

common characteristics of invasive weeds

A

fast growth
rapid reproduction
high seed production and dispersal ability
tolerance to lost of environmental conditions
aggressive and prolific vegetative reproduction
association with humans/human activities

53
Q

example of invasive weeds in Canada

A

Canada thistle (perennial)
Garlic Mustard
Slender foxtail

54
Q
A

PLSC 260 (14 decks)

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