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PLSC 260 > Pathology L2 Viruses > Flashcards

Pathology L2 Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

How are classes of biotic stress categorized

A

Size
Phylogenetic context
Levels of biological complexity
Importance as casual agents

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2
Q

________ of infectious disease in plants are caused by viruses

A

Around 50%

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3
Q

Tulipomania

A

First known financial bubble causes by a virus that made a marbled tulip

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4
Q

Kochs Postulates

A
  1. Must be found in diseased but not healthy organisms
  2. Must be extracted and isolated from the diseased organism and grown in culture
  3. Must cause disease when introduced to a healthy plant
  4. The re-isolated organism from the inoculated plant must be same as original
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5
Q

Who worked on the mosaic disease of tobacco

A

Mayer, Ivanovski, and Beijerunck

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6
Q

What did Mayer find about mosaic disease of tobacco plants

A

Could not produce and culture or find the reason for disease under a microscope

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7
Q

What did Ivanovski show about the mosaic disease of tobacco

A

Showed the filterability of the causal agent with a chamberland filter

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8
Q

What did Beijerinck suggest about the mosaic disease of tobacco

A

Suggested presence of non-cellular organism (virus)

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9
Q

Virus

A

Obligatory cellular parasites with minimal genetic info that utilize host cell resources for translocation, replication and assembly

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10
Q

Viruses have a ______________ genome consisting of DNA or RNA

A

Very small

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11
Q

How are viruses classified

A

Baltimore scheme

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12
Q

T or F: RNA viruses are more common in plants

A

T

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13
Q

2 parts of virus structure

A

Capsid (protein shell)
A nucleic acid genome

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14
Q

2 forms of capsids

A

Helical - rod or filaments
Spherical- icoshedral

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15
Q

Viroids

A

Infectious piece of RNA that doe not have a protein coat or produce proteins

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16
Q

How do viruses cause disease

A

Using plant cellular substances during multiplication
Taking up spc3 and disrupting cellular processes
Upsetting metabolism and cell function

17
Q

Viral disease symptoms

A

Necrotic spot/ring
Mosaic yellowing
Stunted growth

18
Q

What can chlorosis be caused by

A

Nutrient deficiency
Herbicide drift
Virus infection

19
Q

Types of transmission of viruses

A

Seed transmission
Mechanical transmission
Vegetative propagation and grafting
Vectors

20
Q

Seed transmission

A

Use of seed derived from an infected plant

21
Q

Mechanical transmission

A

Contact between infected and healthy leaves (wind, shears, knives)

22
Q

Vegetative propagation and grafting

A

Placing infected plant parts with healthy plants

23
Q

Most common disease vector

A

Insects

24
Q

How does the triangle change in viruses

A

Environment in replaced with vector

25
Q

Strategies of virus disease management

A

Resistance variety
Virus-free materials
Sanitary measures
Vector control
Scouting/early detection and removal of infected plants

26
Q

Example of virus resistant varieties

A

Peas. En gene=resistance to pea enation mosaic virus. Mo gene=resistance to bean yellow mosaic virus

27
Q

Why is it so hard to identify viruses

A

No visual sign
Symptoms can be confused with other factors
Viruses cannot be seen or cultured

28
Q

How to detect viruses

A

Must be done with molecular tests with either commercial ones or plant matter sent to a lab

29
Q

Steps and approaches of virus control

A

Field scouting
Seed selection/resistance variety
Crop rotation
Remove weeds
Manage insect vectors

30
Q

Tobacco mosaic virus

A

Family - vigraviridae
Genus - tobamovirus
First described virus, transmitted mechanically

31
Q

Pepper mild mottle virus

A

Family- virgraviridae
Genus - tobamovirus
Positive sense RNA virus

32
Q

Wheat streak mosaic virus

A

Family - potyviridae
Genus - tritimovirus
Transmitted by wheat curl mite and infects wheat, barley, oat, corn, and rye

33
Q

Pea seedborne mosaic virus

A

Family - potyviridae
Genus - potyvirus
Transmitted by pea aphid or infected seed and affects pea, lentil and faba bean

34
Q

Potato virus Y

A

Family - potyviridae
Genus - potyvirus
Transmitted by aphids, mostly in Alberta

35
Q

Bean leaf curl virus

A

Family - tombusviridae
Genus - luteovirus
On pea and chickpea leaves found in Saskatchewan

PLSC 260 (14 decks)

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