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PLSC 260 > Pathology L1 > Flashcards

Pathology L1 Flashcards

1
Q

Phytopathology

A

Study of plant disease caused by biotic and abiotic factors

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2
Q

Disease

A

Any problem of plant cells and tissues that result from a pathogenic or environmental factor that leads to symptoms

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3
Q

Symptom

A

Reaction of plant to disease

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4
Q

Sign

A

Physical evidence of a pathogen

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5
Q

Examples of a sign

A

Fungal pathogen - mycelium, fruiting bodies
Bacterial pathogen - exudates

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6
Q

Pathogen

A

Disease causing organism that negatively affects the host

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7
Q

Host

A

Living organism that is attacked by the parasite or pathogen

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8
Q

What does disease do?

A

Interrupts function and damages cells and tissues

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9
Q

Results of disease on roots/crown

A

Gall and root rot result in wilting in later stages

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10
Q

Results of disease on stems

A

Results in lodging of plants

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11
Q

Results of disease on leaves

A

Reduces photosynthetic area of the plant

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12
Q

Results of disease on flower/fruit

A

Reduces yield, quality of fruit/grain

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13
Q

Chlorosis

A

Yellowing of leaves due to reduced chlorophyll

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14
Q

Necrosis

A

Death of tissue

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15
Q

Symptoms of disease

A

Chlorosis, necrosis, galls/tumors, wilts, scabs, cankers/lesions/pustules

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16
Q

Healthy plant

A

Carries out physiological functions and grows to bet of its genetic potential

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17
Q

Diseased plant

A

Malfunctioning of host cells and tissues duets pathogenic agent or environmental factor
Abnormal changes in form or integrity of plant
May cause partial impairment or death of host

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18
Q

Examples of abiotic stresses

A

Cold, heat, flooding, drought, salinity, heavy metal

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19
Q

Water stress

A

To much (waterlogged) or too little (drought)

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20
Q

Temperature stress

A

Freezing
too hot causing desication, wilting, abortion, etc

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21
Q

Phytotoxicity

A

Harm or adverse effects to a plant caused by specific substances or growing conditions (chemicals)

22
Q

What info is required to diagnose symptoms

A

Crop rotation history
Herbicide history
Fertilizer history
Crop seeding date
Weather conditions
Pesticide application info

23
Q

Parasite

A

Organisms that lives on or in another organism and obtains food from it

24
Q

Parasitism

A

Removal of food by a parasite from its host

25
Q

Symbiosis

A

Benefits host and parasite

26
Q

Example of symbiosis

A

Mycorrhiza

27
Q

Example of parasitism

A

Sclerotinia

28
Q

Pathogen

A

Organism that induces disease

29
Q

Pathogenicity

A

The ability of a parasite to interfere with 1 or more of a plants essential functions

30
Q

Host range

A

Number of hosts a pathogen can use

31
Q

Covered south infects plants from a ________ family. What family?

A

Single. Grass family

32
Q

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infects plants from a __________ family

A

Diverse

33
Q

When and what does covered smut infect

A

Early stage at seed germination, leaf and inflorescence

34
Q

When and what does sclerotinia sclerotiorum infect

A

Various stages, any part of the plant

35
Q

5 main strategies of the lifestyle of plant microbes

A

Biotrophic parasitism
Necrotrophic parasitism
Hemi-biotrophic parasitism
Saprophytic
Symbiotic

36
Q

Biotrophic parasitism

A

Pathogens that depend on host as a source of nutrients and don’t kill the host

37
Q

2 types of biotrophic parasitism

A

Obligate and non-obligate parasites

38
Q

Obligate parasites

A

Complete life cycle occurs in living host cell

39
Q

Non-obligate (facultative) parasites

A

Live on host for part, but complete life cycle on dead organic matter

40
Q

Examples of biotrophic parasitism

A

Powdery mildew on barley
General rust infections

41
Q

Necrotrophic parasitism

A

Lives in or on living plant but kills the tissues with enzymes that disintegrate cell components before consuming nutrients from them

42
Q

Hemi-biotrophic parasitism

A

Combination of bio and necrotrophic strategies that is initially biotrophic and then necrotrophic (steal than kill)

43
Q

Saprophytic

A

Lives on dead organic matter where host tissues are not killed by organism but used by them

44
Q

Example of saprophytic

A

Alternaria raphanin and gymnopilus junonius

45
Q

Symbiotic

A

The smaller organism in a symbiotic relationship which lives in or on the host

46
Q

For a plant to become diseased, there must be….

A

A host (susceptible plant)
A pathogen
Contact between the host and pathogen and conductive environmental conditions

47
Q

Factors of the disease triangle

A

Pathogen, host, environment

48
Q

Virulent

A

Ability of pathogen to cause disease on a host

49
Q

Avirulant

A

Inability of pathogen to cause disease on a host

50
Q

Innoculum

A

Form of a pathogen which can infect a host plant to cause disease

51
Q

Infection

A

Successful entry of pathogen followed by growth, multiplication of the pathogen in the host

52
Q

5 classes of biotic disease stressors

A

Fungi
Bacteria
Mollicutes
Parasitic higher plants
Viruses
Nematodes

PLSC 260 (14 decks)

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