Wednesday week 2 A&P

Question 1

Where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 1

between L1 and L2

Question 2

How are spinal nerves named?

Answer 2

Most are named for the vertebra above it, except for the cervical region, where the nerves are named from the vertebra below it.

Question 3

Where is the cervical enlargement? Lumbar enlargement?

Answer 3

C3-T2 vertebral level; This corresponds to the innervation of the upper limbs.
L1 -S2 for the lumbar enlargement. They are for attachment of the nerves to the lower limbs.

Question 4

What is in the dorsal root ganglion?

Answer 4

The cell bodies of sensory neurons whose axons carry information to the spinal cord. Each segment of the spinal cord has a pair of these.

Question 5

Where is the cell body of a somatic motor neuron located?

Answer 5

It lies in the CNS

Question 6

What do the medulla oblongata and the pons do, in one sentence?

Answer 6

The MO and pons contain autonomic reflex centers, relay stations, and ascending and descending tracts.

Question 7

The medulla oblongata contains the nuclei associated with which cranial nerves?

Answer 7

8(in part), 9,10,11 (in part) and 12.

Question 8

Describe the autonomic centers of the MO

Answer 8

These include the:
reticular formation (in part)-this is for maintenance of consciousness, states of arousal
cardiovascular centers (for heart rate and force of contraction)
respiratory rhythmicity centers (for pace of respiratory movements)

Question 9

Describe the relay stations of the MO

Answer 9

Here we have three different anatomical features (nuclei) that do the following:
relay somatic sensory information to the thalamus, relay information from the MO, the midbrain, and the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum

Question 10

What is the white matter of the MO, and what does it do?

Answer 10

These are the ascending and descending tracts. they essentially link the brain with the spinal cord.

Question 11

What do the pyramids of the MO contain?

Answer 11

Tracts of motor fibers that originate at the cerebral cortex

Question 12

What is the purpose of the pons?

Answer 12

The pons links the cerebellum with the midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum, MO, and spinal cord.

Question 13

The pons contains nuclei from which cranial nerves?

Answer 13

5,6,7,8(part)

Question 14

Aside from the cranial nerve associations, what are the other grey matter components of the pons?

Answer 14

apnuestic and pneumotaxic centers (adjust the rhythmicity established by the MO)
Relay centers: relay sensory and motor information to the cerebellum
reticular formation: for consciousness, arousal

Question 15

Describe the white matter of the pons and associated functions

Answer 15

These are the ascending (sensory to thalamus) and descending (motor to motor nuclei of cranial and spinal nerves) tracts
also transverse fibers integrate processing between cerebellar hemispheres

Question 16

In one sentence, what does the cerebellum do?

Answer 16

It coordinates learned and reflexivity patterns of muscular activity at the subconscious level.

Question 17

In one sentence, what does the midbrain do?

Answer 17

The midbrain regulates auditory and visual reflexes and controls altertness