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A & P Lab > A and P exam 2 > Flashcards

A and P exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin and end?

A

MO to L1-L2

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2
Q

Role of norepinephrine and acetylcholine in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

A

Parasympathetic: Acetylcholine is responsible for most of the transmissions.
Sympathetic: acetylcholine transmits until the final nerve to target organ; here is conveyed by norepinephrine most of the time.

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3
Q

How many sympathetic ganglia are cervical?

A

3 which process info from eyes, glands in the head and neck and heart

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4
Q

How many sympathetic ganglia are thoracic?

A

12

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5
Q

Which nerve roots make up the cervical plexus? What is their function?

A

C1-C4. These nerves innervate the back of the head and some of the neck muscles.

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6
Q

Which nerve roots make up the brachial plexus?

A

C5-8 andT1

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7
Q

Axillary nerve: what are its roots and which muscles do they innervate?

A

C5-C6. Muscles: deltoid, teres minor

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8
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve: what are its roots and what muscles does it innervate?

A

Roots: C5, C6, C7
Muscles: biceps, brachialis, coracobrachilais

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9
Q

Median nerve: roots? muscles it innervates?

A

Roots: C5-T1
Muscles: flexors of forearm, wrist, thumb, index finger and half of ring finger, wrist, finger and thumb flexion

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10
Q

radial nerve: roots? muscles it innervates?

A

Roots: C5-T1
Muscles: triceps, dorsiflexion of wrist, forearm and finger extensors, extensors of wrist and hand

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11
Q

ulnar nerve: roots? muscles it innervates?

A

Roots: C8, T1
Muscles: Flexors on ulnar side of the hand and forearm, flexion of wrist and fingers on the ulnar side

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12
Q

What do the posterior branches of the thoracic nerves innervate?

A

Muscles of the back

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13
Q

What do the anterior branches of the thoracic nerves innervate?

A

the intercostal muscles

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14
Q

Which spinal roots are included in the lumbar plexus? What does it supply in general? Name two of its nerves and what muscles they innervate.

A

T12-L4
the lower abdomen
Obturator nerve here, powers the hip adductors and gracilis muscle
Femoral nerve: powers the iliopsoas and the quadriceps muscles

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15
Q

What are the roots for the sacral plexus? What does it provide, in general? Name three of its nerves

A

L4 through S2
In general, provides some of the innervation for the pelvic floor.
Superior and inferior gluteal nerves, sciatic nerve

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16
Q

What are the nerve roots for the superior gluteal nerve? the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Superior? L4, L5, S1

Inferior? L5, S1, S2

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17
Q

What are the nerve roots for Sciatic nerve? what are the areas and muscles innervated?

A

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
Hamstrings
Tibial side: gastrocnemius/soleus, posterior tib, long toe flexors, muscles of the foot
Fibular side: peroneals, anterior tib, foor and toe extensor

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18
Q

Name the key dermatomes and what areas they innervate

A 
C5: Deltoid area of arm
C6: thumb area
C7: middle finger
C8: ring finger
T4: across the sternum
T10: across belly button
L3: thigh area
L4: knee to inner calf
L5: top of foot
S1: top of toes
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19
Q

Areas of the tongue and their corresponding tastes

A

sour: lateral
Salty and sweet: anterior portion
Bitter: posterior portion

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20
Q

The capitellum of the humerus articulates with what?

A

the head of the radius

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21
Q

Name the carpal bones in order left to right starting proximal

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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22
Q

which carpal bone does radius articulate with?

A

scaphoid and lunate

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23
Q

Action of the rhomboids

A

retraction and adduction

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24
Q

what are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

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25
Q

Supscapularis: origin, insertion, and action

A

O: Supscapular fossa of scapula
I: lesser tuberosity of the humerus
A: internal rotation

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26
Q

Supraspinatus: Origin, insertion and action

A

O: supraspinous fossa
I: Greater tuberosity (humerus)
A: abduction

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27
Q

Infraspinatus: Origin, insertion, and action

A

O: Infraspinous fossa
I: greater tuberosity (humerus)
A: external rotation

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28
Q

teres minor: Origin, insertion and action

A

O: lateral border of scapula
I: greater tuberosity of humerus
A; External rotation weak adduction

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29
Q

coracobrachialis: origin, insertion and action

A

O: coracoid process of scapula
I: mid medial surface of humerus
A: flexion of arm

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30
Q

What are the muscles of supination

A

biceps, brachioradialis

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31
Q

biceps: Origin, insertion and action

A

O: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head), coracoid process of scapula (short head)
I: radial tuberosity of radius
A: flexion and supination

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32
Q

Brachialis: Origin, insertion and action

A

O: shaft of humerus
I: Ulnar tuberosity
A: flexion

33
Q

Brachioradialis: Origin, insertion and action

A

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Styloid process of radius
A: flexion, pronation supination

34
Q

opponens pollicis: O, I, A

A

O: trapezium
I: 1st metacarpal
A: adduction, flexion of thumb

35
Q

Give the basic arterial schematic for the blood supply of the upper limbs

A

the subclavian artery gives rise to the axillary artery as it passes under the clavicle. The axillary artery turns into the brachial artery, which in turn, splits into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow joint.

36
Q

Cephalic vs. basilic veins, which is lateral, which is medial?

A

cephalic is lateral, basilic is medial

37
Q

Axillary nerve: roots? muscles innervated?

A

R: C5, C6
M: deltoid, teres minor

38
Q

Musculocutaneous Nerve: Roots? muscles innervated?

A

R: C5, C6, C7
M: biceps, bracialis, coracobrachialis

39
Q

Median Nerve: Roots? Muscles innervated?

A

R: C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
M: flexors of the forearm, wrist, thumb, index finger and half of the ring finger

40
Q

Radial nerve: Roots? Muscles innervated?

A

R: C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
M: triceps, dorsiflexion (extension) of wrist, forearm and finger extensors, extensors of the wrist and hand

41
Q

Ulnar nerve: Roots? Muscles innervated?

A

R: C8, T1
M: flexors on the ulnar side of the hand and forearm, flexion of the wrist and fingers on the ulnar side

42
Q

What three types of movement happen at the hip joint?

A

Flexion/extension, medial/lateral rotation, abduction, adduction

43
Q

what are the articulating surfaces for the knee joint? what movements allowed?

A

Patella, femur, tibia

flexion/extension

44
Q

Ankle: what are the articulating surfaces?

Movements?

A

Tibia, fibula, talus, medial and lateral malleoli

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

45
Q

Foot: articulating surfaces? Movements?

A

Talus and navicular, calcaneus and cuboid, talus and calcaneus

pronation, supination, inversion, eversion

46
Q

What muscles move the hip?

A 
Iliopsoas for flexion
adductors for adduction
gluteus maximus for extension
gluteus medius for abduction
gluteus minimus for abduction
tensor fascia femoris for flexion and abduction
47
Q

which muscles move the knee?

A

pes anserinus (flexion), quadriceps (extension), hamstrings (flexion)

48
Q

Which muscles move the foot and ankle joint?

A

anterior tibial (dorsiflexion), gastrocnemius (plantar flexion), posterior tibial (supination, elevation of arch), peroneals (eversion, pronation)

49
Q

iliopsoas: I, O, and action

A

iliacus: O- iliac fossa; I- lesser trochanter of femur
psoas: O- T12 thru L5; I- lesser trochanter of femur
flexion and lateral rotation at hip joint

50
Q

adductor magnus: I, O, and action

A

O: ischial ramus and tuberocity
I: linea aspera of femur, adductor tubercle
Action, adducts (also can help in flexion and extension)

51
Q

adductor longus: I, O action

A

O: superior aspect of pubis
I: linea aspera of femur
action: adduction and flexion at hip

52
Q

gluteus maximus: I, O and action

A

O: sacrum and ilium
I: upper fibers to iliotibial tract, lower fibers: gluteal tuberosity of femur
extension, lateral rotation

53
Q

gluteus minimus: I, O and action

A

O: ilium
I: greater trochanter of femur
Action: abduction, medial rotation

54
Q

gluteus medius: I, O, and action

A

O: ilium
I: greater trochanter of femur
action: abducts hip (also some medial and lateral rotation

55
Q

tensor facia latae and IT band: I, O, and action

A

O: anterior iliac crest
I: iliotibial tract
A: abduction, flexion

56
Q

sartorius: I, O, and action

A

O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: medial to tibial tuberosity
A: flexion and internal rotation of knee

57
Q

gracilis: O, I, and action

A

O: inferior pubic ramus
I: tibia, medial to tibial tuberosity
Action: flexion and internal rotation at knee

58
Q

semitendinosis: O, I, and action

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial to tibial tuberosity
A: Flexion and internal rotation at knee

59
Q

rectus femoris: O, I, and action

A

O: anterior inferior iliac spine
I: tibial tuberosity
A: extension at knee joint

60
Q

vastus medialis: O, I, and action

A

O: linea aspera of femur (medial side)
I: Tibial tuberosity
A: extension at knee joint

61
Q

vastus intermedius: O, I, and action

A

O: femoral shaft (anterior side)
I: tibial tuberosity
A: extension of knee joint

62
Q

vastus lateralis: O, I, and action

A

O: linea aspera of femur and greater trochanter
I: tibial tuberosity
A: extension of knee joint

63
Q

semimembranosous: O, I, and action

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial tibial condyle
A: flexion and external rotation of knee joint

64
Q

biceps femoris: O, I, and action

A

O: Long head-ischial tuberosity, short head- linea aspera in middle of the femur
I: head of fibula
A: flexion and internal rotation of knee

65
Q

anterior tibial muscle: O, I, and action

A

O: tibia
I: medial cuneiform
A: dorsiflexion and inversion

66
Q

gastrocnemius: O, I, and action

A

O: lateral and medial epicondyles of femur
I: calcaneus via achilles tendon
A: plantar flexion

67
Q

posterior tibial muscle: O, I, and action

A

O: interosseus membrane
I: navicular tuberosity, all three cuneiforms, metatarsals 2-4
A: supination elevation of arch

68
Q

soleus: O, I, and action

A

O: fibular head
I: calcaneus via achille’s tendon
A: plantar flexion

69
Q

peroneal longus: O, I, and action

A

O: fibula
I: medial cuneform
action: eversion (pronation)

70
Q

peroneal brevis: OIA

A

O: Fibula
I: 5th metatarsal
action: eversion (pronation)

71
Q

Give the basic schematic for the arteries from iliac artery to popliteal

A

common iliac artery splits off into internal and external iliac arteries. Internal iliac then feeds the superior and inferior gluteal arteries. The external iliac then becomes the femoral artery. On the superior part of the femoral artery, a branch goes deep (profunda). It then becomes the popliteal artery as it moves posterior at the lower part of the femur.

72
Q

Give the schematic for arteries below the knee

A

the popliteal artery has a branch that moves to the front: anterior tibial artery. Then the posterior two are: posterior tibial artery (lateral) and fibular artery (medial)

73
Q

Superficial or deep:

  1. femoral vein
  2. Great saphenous
  3. popliteal
  4. anterior tibial
A
  1. deep
  2. superficial
  3. superficial
  4. deep
74
Q

femoral nerve: roots? muscles? motion?

A

Roots: L2, L3, L4
Muscles: iliacus, sartorius, quadriceps
motions: knee extension and hip flexion

75
Q

superior gluteal nerve: roots? Muscles? motion?

A

Roots: L4, L5, S1, S2
Muscles: Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
Motions: hip abduction

76
Q

inferior gluteal nerve: roots? muscles? motion?

A

Roots: L5, S1, S2
Muscles: Gluteus maximus
motion: hip extension

77
Q

sciatic nerve: roots? motion? branches?

A

Roots: L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
Motion: hamstrings and knee flexion
Branches:
Tibial nerve and peroneal (fibular nerve)

78
Q

Tibial nerve: muscles and motion

A

muscles: calf muscles, posterior tibia, long toe flexors

motion, plantar flexion of ankle, inversion of foot

79
Q

fibular nerve: muscles and motion

A

Muscles: peroneals, anterior tibial, toe extensors
motion: dorsiflexion of the ankle and eversion of foot

A & P Lab (8 decks)

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