Cranial nerves Flashcards
Cranial Nerve XII: effects of injury
Tongue deviates to one side or can’t protrude
Cranial Nerve XI: effects of injury
Trapezius paralysis (shoulder drooping, difficulty raising arm above horizontal plane). Can happen during lymph node biopsies. Or, sternocleidomastoid paralysis (difficulty turning head).
Cranial Nerve X: effects of injury
The recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies visceromotor innervation to the only muscle abducting the vocal cords, so hoarseness can happen. Bilateral injury can cause respiratory distress.
Cranial Nerve VIII: effects of injury
Vestibular part: dizziness
Cochlear part: Hearing loss
Cranial Nerve VII: effects of injury
Peripheral facial nerve injury: paralysis of muscles of facial expression on affected side. Also, disturbances of taste, lacrimation, salivation, etc.
Cranial Nerve V: effects of injury
Sensory loss, herpes zoster opthalmicus (eye pain, facial rash), trigeminal neuralgia (intense facial pain)
Cranial Nerve VI: effects of injury
Diplopia: Affected eye deviates superiorly
Cranial Nerve IV: effects of injury
diplopia: affected eye is higher and deviated medially
Cranial Nerve III: effects of injury
Paralysis of intraocular muscles, drooping of eyelid, diplopia, pupil dilation
Cranial Nerve I: ABC
Olfactory
A: Sensory
B: Smell
C: Receptors in nose, pass through the cribriform plate, olfactory bulb and olfactory tract in forebrain
Cranial Nerve II: ABC
Optic
A: Sensory
B: Vision
C: The optic nerve passes through the optic canal and to the optic chasm. The optic tracts then lead to lateral geniculate bodies in the occipital lobe.
Cranial Nerve III: ABC
Occulomotor
A: Motor
B: Powers levitator palpebrae, inferior oblique, medial rectus, and superior and inferior rectus muscles
C: In the midbrain; it exits the skull through the superior orbital fissure.
Cranial Nerve IV: ABC
Trochlear
A: Motor
B: Motor to the superior oblique muscle of the eye
C: Longest course. It passes through the superior orbital fissure.
Cranial Nerve V: ABC
Trigeminal
A: BOTH
B: Ophthalmic (sensory for facial skin, nasopharyngeal mucosa, anterior two thirds of the tongue, passes through superior orbital fissure)
Maxillary (sensory to lower eyelid, superior lip, gums, teethe, cheek, part of nose, palate, and part of throat; exits through foramen rotundum)
Mandibular (both: sensory to inferior gums, teeth, lips, part of palate, and part of tongue; motor to muscles of mastication; exits through foramen ovale)
Cranial VI: ABC
Abducens
A: motor
B: Motor to lateral rectus muscle of the eye
C: passes through superior orbital fissure
Cranial VII: ABC
Facial
A: Both
B: Has 5 branches: Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
(Sensory: taste receptors on anterior two- thirds of tongue; Motor: muscles of facial expression, lacrimal gland, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands)
C: is found near MO, internal acoustic meatus, stylomastoid foramen, parotid gland
Cranial VIII: ABC
Vestibulocochlear
A: Sensory
B: Hearing and equilibrium
C: passes through internal acoustic meatus
Cranial IX: ABC
Glossopharyngeal
A: Both
B: Swallowing, salivation, taste
C: Passes through jugular foramen (medulla, posterior throat, back of tongue, parotids)
Cranial X: ABC
Vagus
A: BOTH
B: Sensory (throat, ear, diaphragm, visceral organs in thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities)
Motor: palatal and throat muscle and visceral organs in thorax and abdomen
C: jugular foramen
Cranial XI: ABC
Spinal accessory nerve
A: Motor
B: internal and external parts
Internal: skeletal muscles of palate, through and larynx (with vagus)
External: Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles)
C: passes through the jugular foramen
Cranial XII: ABC
Hypoglossal
A: Motor
B: Motor to tongue muscles
C: Passes through the hypoglossal canal
Tumor on the optic chasm translates into?
tunnel vision
