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Neuro-Unit 2 > Wednesday, 4-6-Ear (Stephens) > Flashcards

Wednesday, 4-6-Ear (Stephens) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the external ear/externa auditory meatus?

A
  • collect and conduct sound and protect the eardrum

- air transmission

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2
Q

The pinna consists of a plate of elastic cartilage covered by skin. It is innervated by GSA sensory fibers from the ___ nerves.

A
  • Auriculotemporal (V3)
  • Lesser occipital (C2-3)
  • Great auricular (C2-3)

-Skin of the concha probably receives contributions from VII, IX, and X

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3
Q

Blood supply to the auricle is via the ___ arteries

A

Superficial temporal and posterior auricular

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4
Q

Trauma to the pinna may cause hemorrhaging in the subQ tissue resulting in a ___.

A

Auricular hematoma

If hematoma is not evacuated and bandaged, the subsequent scar tissue may grossly deform the auricle and become a CAULIFLOWER EAR

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5
Q

The skin lining the outer 1/3 of the external auditory meatus contains numerous ___ which secrete cerumen.

A

Sebaceous and ceruminous glands

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6
Q

Accumulation of cerumen may be firmly adherent to the epithelia of the ext auditory meatus and/or tympanic membrane. Casual removal of a mass of ear wax may lead to avulsion of what?

A

The tympanic membrane and ossicles

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7
Q

__ is located at the medial end of the EAM, is tilted forward, lateral and downward in the canal and divides the external ear from middle ear

A

Tympanic membrane

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8
Q

The outer portion or skin of the tympanic membrane is innervated by GSA fibers from the ___ nerves.

A middle fibrous layer is present in most of the tympanic membrane and forms the ___.

The inner mucous layer of the tympanic membrane is innervated by GVA fibers of the ___

A
  • V and X
  • Pars tensa
  • IX n. Via the tympanic plexus
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9
Q

The absence of the middle fibrous layer in the antero-superior quadrant of the tympanic membrane forms the ___

A

Pars flaccida

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10
Q

The central concavity of the tympanic membrane is called the ___. The anterior and posterior mallear folds are V-shaped folds formed by the inner mucous membrane on the borders of the pars flaccida. The __ n. Courses through these folds.

A

Umbo

Chorda tympani

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11
Q

Describe the location of the tympanic membrane to the following structures of the middle ear cavity:

___: long process of incus, stapes, fenestra vestibuli

___: fenestra cochleae

___: auditory tube

___: carotid canal

A

Supero-posterior

Infero-posterior

Supero-anterior

Infero-anterior

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12
Q

The __ cavity is a small hour-glass shaped air space in the petrous temporal bone where the energy of sound waves are transformed into mechanical energy through a chain of bony ossicles

A

Middle ear

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13
Q

The __ is that portion of the middle ear cavity which is located above the level of the tympanic membrane and contained the head of the malleus, and body and short crus of the incus. It communicates with the mastoid ear cells via the mastoid aditus and antrum

A

Epitympanic space

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14
Q

___ is an inflammation of the middle ear cavity that is relatively common in infants and children. It may result in an accumulation of fluid and mucous and a decrease in hearing. It is more common in infants because their auditory tubes are oriented horizontally, thereby impeding drainage from the tympanic cavity. The tubes are directed downward in the adult

A

Otitis media

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15
Q

Otorrhea, otorrhagia, vestibular disturbances, deafness, or Bell’s palsy may result from fractures of the ___ bone. These fractures are often associated with some degree of brain trauma and have a considerable mortality and morbidity

A

Petrous temporal

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16
Q

The roof of the tympanic cavity is formed by the ___

The floor of the tympanic cavity is formed by the ___

The anterior (carotid) wall of the tympanic cavity contains ___

The posterior (mastoid) wall of the tympanic cavity contains ___

A
  • tegmen tympani
  • superior bulb of the IJV
  • semicanal for tensor tympani m. & opening for auditory tube
  • stapedius m.
17
Q

After leaving the brainstem, the facial nerve travels laterally in the ___ before entering the facial canal. Within the canal, the geniculate ganglion is located just above and medial to the promontory of the middle ear cavity. At the level of the ganglion, the nerve turns sharply posteriorly as it forms the ___. After about 1.0 cm the nerve courses downward, sends a branch to the stapedius muscle and exits the __ foramen

A
  • internal auditory meatus
  • external genu
  • stylomastoid
18
Q

Where is the cochlea relative to the facial n.?

A

Anterior

19
Q

Where does the chorda tympani nerve cross relative to the malleus?

A

It crosses the neck of the malleus

20
Q

__ is an ossification or scarring of the small ossicular joints that prevents the transmission of sound from the tympanic membrane to the fenestra vestibuli. It may result in significant hearing impairment. Typically, tests for bone conduction are normal but nerve conduction is reduced

A

Otosclerosis

21
Q

The ___ tightens the tympanic membrane and attenuates its vibrations. It is located in a semicanal above the auditory tube, from which it arises and its tendon loops laterally around the processus cochleariformis and inserts on the handle of malleus

A

Tensor tympani muscle

22
Q

What is the innervation of the tensor tympani m.?

A

V3

23
Q

The ___ pulls the stapes out of the fenestra vestibuli which is a protective mechanism to prevent excessive movement of the stapes due to loud sound. It is located in the pyramid on the posterior wall of the middle ear cavity

A

Stapedius

24
Q

What is the innervation of the stapedius m.?

A

Facial n.

25
Q

The epithelial (mucosal) lining of the middle ear is innervated by GVA sensory branches of the ___.

The middle ear cavity is supplied by the ___.

A
  • IX nerve via the tympanic plexus

- Stylomastoid branch of the posterior auricular artery and anterior tympanic a.

26
Q

The ___ is embedded in the petrous temporal bone and comprised of a complex series of fluid-filled (endolymph) ducts, tubes, and sacs (membranous labyrinth) suspended within fluid-filled (perilymph) bony canals and cavities (osseous labyrinth)

A

Inner ear

27
Q

What are functions of the inner ear?

A
  • cochlear receptors for hearing
  • receptors in semicircular ducts: detect angular acceleration
  • receptors in sacculus and utricle: detect linear acceleration
28
Q

Regarding innervation of the inner ear:

The __ innervates the organ of corti (spiral organ) and conveys auditory information

The __ innervates the maculae utricle and saccule, and the cristae ampullaris of the semicircular ducts. it conveys statis and dynamic position-sense information for equilibrium

A

Cochlear division (VIII)

Vestibular division (VIII)

29
Q

The inner ear is supplied the ___ a., a branch of the AICA

A

Labyrinthine

30
Q

Arteriosclerosis of the __ artery may result in vertigo, nausea and other innear ear abnormalities

A

Labyrinthine

31
Q

The ___ encloses the perilymphatic space which is filled with perilymph and crossed by delicate trabeculae which support the structures of the membranous labyrinth

A

Osseous labyrinth

32
Q

___ is comprised of elliptical and spherical cavities which house the utricle and saccule, respectively

A

Vestibule

33
Q

The aqueduct of the vestibule contains the endolymphatic duct which is formed by the junction of the utricular and saccular ducts. The endolymphatic duct terminates in the subdural space as the ___ which is located on the posterior side of the petrous pyramid just behind the internal auditory meatus

A

Endolymphatic sac

34
Q

The ___ consists of membranous ducts, tubes, and sacs which are filled with endolymph and suspended within the osseous labyrinth. On each side it includes the 3 semicircular canals, utricle, saccule, and cochlear duct

A

Membranous labyrinth

35
Q

___ innervates the membranous labyrinth

A

CN VIII

36
Q

The ___ includes the auricle (pinna) and external auditory meatus

The ___ is a small hour glass shaped cavity embedded in the petrous temporal bone. The roof of this cavity is formed by the tegmen tympani and the space itself contains the 3 ossicles for sound transmission

The ___ forms a series of interconnected fluid-filled membranous tubes (ducts) and sacs, which are suspended in corresponding bony canals and cavities of the petrous temporal bone

A

External ear

Middle ear

Internal ear

Neuro-Unit 2 (11 decks)

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