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Neuro-Unit 2 > Thursday, 4-7-Gustatory system development and histology (Cole) > Flashcards

Thursday, 4-7-Gustatory system development and histology (Cole) Flashcards

1
Q

This part of the tongue consists of a core mass of skeletal muscle oriented in longitudinal, transverse, and oblique directions

A

anterior 2/3

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2
Q

this part of the tongue displays aggregations of lymphatic tissue, the lingual tonsils

A

posterior 1/3

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3
Q

The dorsal surface of the tongue is covered by a ___ epithelium supported by a lamina propria associated with the muscle core of the tongue

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous

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4
Q

___ glands extend across the lamina propria and the muscle. Their ducts open into the crypts and furrows of the lingual tonsils and circumvallate papilae

A

serous and mucous

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5
Q

The dorsal surface of the tongue contains numerous mucosal projections called ___ and is formed by a highly vascular connective tissue

A

lingual papillae

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6
Q

each lingual papilla is formed by a highly vascular connective tissue core and a covering of ___ epithelium

A

stratified squamous

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7
Q

what are the 4 types of lingual papillae?

A
  • filiform papillae (narrow conical)
  • fungiform papillae (mushroom-shaped)
  • circumvallate papillae
  • foliate papillae (leaf-shaped)
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8
Q

The classic manifestation of this disorder is an area of erythema with atrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue, surrounded by serpiginous, white, hyperkeratotic border. It is thought to be an oral manifestation of psoriasis

A

geographic tongue

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9
Q

in a geographic tongue, atropy of the __ of the tongue is observed

A

filiform papillae

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10
Q

what type of epithelium makes up the fungiform papillae?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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11
Q

where are taste buds on fungiform papillae located?

A

along the apical surface

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12
Q

Serous glands, or Ebner’s glands, in the connective tissue, in contact with the underlying muscle are associated with which papilla(e)?

A

foliate and cicumvallate

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13
Q

The ducts of Ebner’s glands open into the floor of the circular furrows and secrete ___

A

lingual lipase and VEGP (Von Ebner’s Gland Protein)

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14
Q

___ undertakes the selective binding of sapid (flavorful) chemical and their transport to taste receptors

A

VEGP

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15
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the foliate papillae?

A

stratified squamous

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16
Q

___ are located in the posterior part of the tongue, aligned in front of the sulcus terminalis. They occupy a recess in the mucosa and ,therefore, it is surrounded by a circular furrow or trench

A

circumvallate papillae

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17
Q

the sides of the circumvallate papilla and the facing wall of furrow contain several __

A

taste buds

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18
Q

what are the 3 cell components of a taste bud?

A
  • taste receptor
  • supporting cells (immature taste cells)
  • precursor cells (basal cells)
19
Q

__ are ovoid chemoreceptors found in papillae and on the soft palate, posterior pharynx, and epiglottis

A

taste buds

20
Q

The __ portion of a taste receptor cell makes contact with an afferent nerve terminal derived from neurons in the sensory ganglia of the VII, IX, and X nerves

A

basal

21
Q

taste is initiated when soluble chemicals, called __, diffuse through the taste pore and interact with the G-proteins alpha, beta, and gamma subunits called ___ linked to the taste receptors present in the apical microvilli of the taste receptor cells

A

tastants

gustducin

22
Q

determination of being a non-taster, normal taster, or a super-taster is based on the density of ___

A

fungiform papillae

23
Q

regarding taste perception:

___ stimuli- tip of the tongue (sugars)

___ stimuli- sodium, posterior and lateral to the tip of the tongue

___ stimuli- on anterior 2/3 of dorsum and along the lateral margin

A

sweet

salty

sour

24
Q

Individuals with the sensitive form of the hTAS2R38 taste receptor gene rate ___ as being more bitter than people with the less sensitive form of the gene

A

Kohlrabi–> contains glucosinolates, compounds that inhibit iodine uptake by the thyroid

25
Q

Umami is linked to a special receptor for ___ and other AAs

A

L-glutamate

26
Q

Taste buds on the palate register primarily ___

Posterior pharynx and epiglottis register primarily ___

A

bitter and sour

all 5 modalities

27
Q

___ receptor recognizes the texture of fat. It also functions to facilitate the uptake of FA’s. Alterations in this receptor may decrease (in mice) the desire for fatty foods

A

Fat (CD36)

28
Q

Sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is by ___ and a derivative of arch ___

A

Lingual n. (branch of V)

1st

29
Q

SVA (innervation to taste buds) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is by ___ and a derivative of arch ___

A

VII

2nd

30
Q

Sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is by ___ and a derivative of arch ___

A

IX

3rd

31
Q

SVA (innervation of taste buds) to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is by ___

A

IX

X near the base of the tongue (4th arch derivative)

32
Q

Muscles of the tongue develop from the mesoderm of the occipital myotomes that migrate into the developing tongue and are innervated by ___

A

XII

33
Q

Most sensory information that is thought of as taste is actually ___

A

olfactory sensation subserved by the olfactory mucosa

34
Q

What is the epithelium type of the nasal cavity?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

35
Q

__ of the nasal cavity contains both serous and mucous glands to moisten inspired air and trap particulate contaminants

A

lamina propria

36
Q

What are some functions of the nasal mucosa?

A
  • air hydration
  • secretions of serous and mucous exocrine glands and goblet cells moisten the surface of the nasal cavity
  • add water vapor to inspired air
  • air filtration
  • conchae interrupt air flow and create turbulence
  • particulate matter thrown against conchae and adheres to its moist surface
  • cilia move mucus/matter into nasopharynx
  • temp regulation
  • superficial vascular plexus (swell bodies) w/in lamina propria
  • can warm or cool inspired air
37
Q

What is the epithelium type of the olfactory epithelium?

A

pseudostratified columnar

38
Q

What are the 3 cell types of the olfactory epithelium?

A
  • olfactory cells
  • supporting (sustentacular) cells
  • basal cells
39
Q

__ are bipolar sensory neurons that span the thickness of the epithelium. Their dendrites extend to free surface and dilate to form the olfactory vesicle. They also project (along with cilia) above the epithelial surface.

A

olfactory cells

40
Q

The proximal process of olfactory cells extend basally, become a non-myelinated axon, and forms bundles of nerve fibers known as the ___

A

fila olfactoria

41
Q

__ cells are columnar with oval nuclei (apical 1/3 of the cell) in which the apical microvilli are submerged in seromucous fluid layer. They contain a light yellow pigment that gives olfactory epithelium its color. They provide physical support, nourishment and electrical insulation for the olfactory cells

A

support (sustentacular) cells

42
Q

Regarding olfaction:

cilia contain the __ receptor.

Olfactory __ glands secrete a serous fluid in which odoriferous substances are dissolved

The secretory fluid contains the __ with high binding affinity for a large number of odorant molecules. They carry odorants to receptors on the surface of the modified cilia and removes them after they have been sensed.

The secretory products of the glands of Bowman contain protective substances such as ___

A

odorant

serous (glands of Bowman)

odorant-binding protein (OBP)

Lysozyme and IgA

43
Q

Axons from olfactory cells with the same OR terminate in 1-3 glomeruli present in the olfactory bulb. Dendritic endings of predominantly mitral cells extend into the glomeruli and the axons of mitral cells form the ___

A

olfactory tract

44
Q

individuals with Kallman syndrome have anosmia due to a defective gene, ___, that codes for ANOSMIN1, a cell adhesion protein that is expressed in the olfactory system and medial walls of primitive cerebral hemispheres

A

KAL-1

Neuro-Unit 2 (11 decks)

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