Thursday, 4-7-Gustatory system development and histology (Cole)

Question 1

This part of the tongue consists of a core mass of skeletal muscle oriented in longitudinal, transverse, and oblique directions

Answer 1

anterior 2/3

Question 2

this part of the tongue displays aggregations of lymphatic tissue, the lingual tonsils

Answer 2

posterior 1/3

Question 3

The dorsal surface of the tongue is covered by a ___ epithelium supported by a lamina propria associated with the muscle core of the tongue

Answer 3

non-keratinized stratified squamous

Question 4

___ glands extend across the lamina propria and the muscle. Their ducts open into the crypts and furrows of the lingual tonsils and circumvallate papilae

Answer 4

serous and mucous

Question 5

The dorsal surface of the tongue contains numerous mucosal projections called ___ and is formed by a highly vascular connective tissue

Answer 5

lingual papillae

Question 6

each lingual papilla is formed by a highly vascular connective tissue core and a covering of ___ epithelium

Answer 6

stratified squamous

Question 7

what are the 4 types of lingual papillae?

Answer 7

• filiform papillae (narrow conical)
• fungiform papillae (mushroom-shaped)
• circumvallate papillae
• foliate papillae (leaf-shaped)

Question 8

The classic manifestation of this disorder is an area of erythema with atrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue, surrounded by serpiginous, white, hyperkeratotic border. It is thought to be an oral manifestation of psoriasis

Answer 8

geographic tongue

Question 9

in a geographic tongue, atropy of the __ of the tongue is observed

Answer 9

filiform papillae

Question 10

what type of epithelium makes up the fungiform papillae?

Answer 10

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Question 11

where are taste buds on fungiform papillae located?

Answer 11

along the apical surface

Question 12

Serous glands, or Ebner’s glands, in the connective tissue, in contact with the underlying muscle are associated with which papilla(e)?

Answer 12

foliate and cicumvallate

Question 13

The ducts of Ebner’s glands open into the floor of the circular furrows and secrete ___

Answer 13

lingual lipase and VEGP (Von Ebner’s Gland Protein)

Question 14

___ undertakes the selective binding of sapid (flavorful) chemical and their transport to taste receptors

Answer 14

VEGP

Question 15

What type of epithelium makes up the foliate papillae?

Answer 15

stratified squamous

Question 16

___ are located in the posterior part of the tongue, aligned in front of the sulcus terminalis. They occupy a recess in the mucosa and ,therefore, it is surrounded by a circular furrow or trench

Answer 16

circumvallate papillae

Question 17

the sides of the circumvallate papilla and the facing wall of furrow contain several __

Answer 17

taste buds

Question 18

what are the 3 cell components of a taste bud?

Answer 18

• taste receptor
• supporting cells (immature taste cells)
• precursor cells (basal cells)

Question 19

__ are ovoid chemoreceptors found in papillae and on the soft palate, posterior pharynx, and epiglottis

Answer 19

taste buds

Question 20

The __ portion of a taste receptor cell makes contact with an afferent nerve terminal derived from neurons in the sensory ganglia of the VII, IX, and X nerves

Answer 20

basal

Question 21

taste is initiated when soluble chemicals, called __, diffuse through the taste pore and interact with the G-proteins alpha, beta, and gamma subunits called ___ linked to the taste receptors present in the apical microvilli of the taste receptor cells

Answer 21

tastants

gustducin

Question 22

determination of being a non-taster, normal taster, or a super-taster is based on the density of ___

Answer 22

fungiform papillae

Question 23

regarding taste perception:

___ stimuli- tip of the tongue (sugars)

___ stimuli- sodium, posterior and lateral to the tip of the tongue

___ stimuli- on anterior 2/3 of dorsum and along the lateral margin

Answer 23

sweet

salty

sour

Question 24

Individuals with the sensitive form of the hTAS2R38 taste receptor gene rate ___ as being more bitter than people with the less sensitive form of the gene

Answer 24

Kohlrabi–> contains glucosinolates, compounds that inhibit iodine uptake by the thyroid

Question 25

Umami is linked to a special receptor for ___ and other AAs

Answer 25

L-glutamate

Question 26

Taste buds on the palate register primarily ___ Posterior pharynx and epiglottis register primarily ___

Answer 26

bitter and sour all 5 modalities

Question 27

___ receptor recognizes the texture of fat. It also functions to facilitate the uptake of FA's. Alterations in this receptor may decrease (in mice) the desire for fatty foods

Answer 27

Fat (CD36)

Question 28

Sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is by ___ and a derivative of arch ___

Answer 28

Lingual n. (branch of V) 1st

Question 29

SVA (innervation to taste buds) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is by ___ and a derivative of arch ___

Answer 29

VII 2nd

Question 30

Sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is by ___ and a derivative of arch ___

Answer 30

IX 3rd

Question 31

SVA (innervation of taste buds) to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is by ___

Answer 31

IX X near the base of the tongue (4th arch derivative)

Question 32

Muscles of the tongue develop from the mesoderm of the occipital myotomes that migrate into the developing tongue and are innervated by ___

Answer 32

XII

Question 33

Most sensory information that is thought of as taste is actually ___

Answer 33

olfactory sensation subserved by the olfactory mucosa

Question 34

What is the epithelium type of the nasal cavity?

Answer 34

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 35

__ of the nasal cavity contains both serous and mucous glands to moisten inspired air and trap particulate contaminants

Answer 35

lamina propria

Question 36

What are some functions of the nasal mucosa?

Answer 36

- air hydration - secretions of serous and mucous exocrine glands and goblet cells moisten the surface of the nasal cavity - add water vapor to inspired air - air filtration - conchae interrupt air flow and create turbulence - particulate matter thrown against conchae and adheres to its moist surface - cilia move mucus/matter into nasopharynx - temp regulation - superficial vascular plexus (swell bodies) w/in lamina propria - can warm or cool inspired air

Question 37

What is the epithelium type of the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 37

pseudostratified columnar

Question 38

What are the 3 cell types of the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 38

- olfactory cells - supporting (sustentacular) cells - basal cells

Question 39

__ are bipolar sensory neurons that span the thickness of the epithelium. Their dendrites extend to free surface and dilate to form the olfactory vesicle. They also project (along with cilia) above the epithelial surface.

Answer 39

olfactory cells

Question 40

The proximal process of olfactory cells extend basally, become a non-myelinated axon, and forms bundles of nerve fibers known as the ___

Answer 40

fila olfactoria

Question 41

__ cells are columnar with oval nuclei (apical 1/3 of the cell) in which the apical microvilli are submerged in seromucous fluid layer. They contain a light yellow pigment that gives olfactory epithelium its color. They provide physical support, nourishment and electrical insulation for the olfactory cells

Answer 41

support (sustentacular) cells

Question 42

Regarding olfaction: cilia contain the __ receptor. Olfactory __ glands secrete a serous fluid in which odoriferous substances are dissolved The secretory fluid contains the __ with high binding affinity for a large number of odorant molecules. They carry odorants to receptors on the surface of the modified cilia and removes them after they have been sensed. The secretory products of the glands of Bowman contain protective substances such as ___

Answer 42

odorant serous (glands of Bowman) odorant-binding protein (OBP) Lysozyme and IgA

Question 43

Axons from olfactory cells with the same OR terminate in 1-3 glomeruli present in the olfactory bulb. Dendritic endings of predominantly mitral cells extend into the glomeruli and the axons of mitral cells form the ___

Answer 43

olfactory tract

Question 44

individuals with Kallman syndrome have anosmia due to a defective gene, ___, that codes for ANOSMIN1, a cell adhesion protein that is expressed in the olfactory system and medial walls of primitive cerebral hemispheres

Answer 44

KAL-1