Web Technologies Flashcards

1
Q

What is HTML

A

A programming language used to define and interpret the content of web pages

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2
Q

What is CSS (Cascading style sheets)

A
  • A programming language used to specify the layout and appearance of web pages
  • It uses selectors such as classes and IDs
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3
Q

What is JavaScript

A

A programming language that programs the behaviour of web pages

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4
Q

What are the Two Sections of HTML

A
  • The head - contains the title of the webpage
  • The body - contains the content of the webpage
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5
Q

Describe the main HTML Tags

A
  • < html > - All code written within these tags is interpreted as HTML
  • < body > - Defines the the main content area of the webpage
  • < link > - Used to link to additional files, including CSS stylesheets
  • < head > - Defines the browser tab or window heading area
  • < h1 >, < h2 >, < h3 > - Heading styles in decreasing sizes
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6
Q

How do you Show the End of a HTML Tag

A

< /html >

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7
Q

Describe Ordered and Unordered Lists in HTML

A
  • Ordered - < ol > followed by < li >
  • Unordered - < ul > followed by < li >
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8
Q

Describe the Extra HTML Tags

A
  • < p > - a paragraph separated with a line space above and below
  • < img > - self closing image with parameters (img src = location, height=x, width = y)
  • < a > - anchor tag defining a hyperlink
  • < div > - creates a division of a page into separate areas each which can be referred to uniquely by name, (< div id= “page” >)
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9
Q

Write the HTML code for a hyperlink

A

< a href = “booking.htm” > < img src = “ticket.pgn” > < / a>

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10
Q

What are the names of the two methods of applying CSS

A
  • Internal/Embedded CSS - placed inside the style tags and is entered directly into the HTML document
  • External CSS - written in a separate document and a link to this style sheet is added to the HTML document
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11
Q

How do you use External CSS in your HTML code

A

Write within the tag

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12
Q

Describe an Example of CSS Syntax

A

head{

background-color: #8EJH32

}

body {

background-color: white;

font-family: Arial,

font-size: 20px;

Text-align: center;

}

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13
Q

Is JavaScript interpreted or complied

A
  • JavaScript is interpreted
  • This means web pages are interpreted by the browser each time they are loaded
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14
Q

What are the Advantages of using JavaScript

A
  • Javascript is interpreted so is often used to validate input data on the client computer
  • Local computer can deal with invalid data before it is sent off to the servers
  • Reduces web traffic
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15
Q

What is a Search Engine

A

A program that searches through a database of internet addresses looking for resources based on criteria set by the client

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16
Q

How does a Search Engine work

A
  • Search engines use a software called web crawlers
  • Web crawlers are used by search engines to collect information, it works by traversing the internet webpage by webpage looking for linked sites
  • The web crawlers collect keywords and phrases from the linked web pages and add this information to the index
  • They also collect and add meta data from websites, which is the information specified by the website owner
17
Q

Why is it important the order in which Search Engines display webpages

A
  • The order determines which websites users choose to visit and use
  • Therefore it is important that search engines display the most high-quality websites with relevant content at the top of the page
18
Q

What is the PageRank Algorithm

A

The algorithm that determines the order in which web pages are displayed when a search is conducted

The algorithm of pagerank itself is given by:

PageRank(x) = (1-d) + d[(PageRank(T1) ÷ Count(T1)) + … + (PageRank(Tn) ÷ Count(Tn)]

PageRank(x) is the page rank of page x, Count(Tn) is the total count of outbound links from a webpage n and d is the damping factor.

19
Q

Why and how was the PageRank Algoirthm improved

A
  • People tend to follow 5 or 6 links before breaking a chain, so we can improve Page Rank to account for this
  • Damping represents the probability the user does click link
  • We assume that the damping probability is 0.85
20
Q

Describe the steps of the PageRank Algorithm

A
  • Counts how many links leave each website
  • Gives every website a page rank of 1
  • Iterates a “vote” to improve its estimate until it converges
21
Q

What factors determine a PageRank

A
  • How many incoming links it has from other web pages
  • The page rank of the web pages that link to it
22
Q

Aside from links between websites what other factors affect the PageRank of a website

A
  • The age of a web page
  • How quickly content on the web page loads
  • How often web pages are updated
23
Q

What data structure is used to display a PageRank Algorithm

A

A Directed Graph

24
Q

What is Server Side Processing

A
  • Server Side Processing is when a client sends information to a server for processing
  • This means no information is processed on the client computer
  • Common server side scripting languages are SQL or PHP
25
Q

What is Client Side Processing

A
  • Client Side Processing is when information is processed on a local device
  • This means all of the information is processed on the client computer
  • Client Side Processing uses languages such as JavaScript
26
Q

What are the Advantages of Server Side Processing and Client Side Processing

A

Server Side Processing -

  • Does not require plugins
  • Can perform large calculations much faster than clients
  • Not browser dependent
  • More secure

Client Side Processing -

  • Webpage can immediately respond to user actions
  • Executes quickly