Networks Flashcards
What is a Network
Two or more computers connected together that can transmit data
What is a Physical Topology
The physical layout of the network
What is a Logical Topology
The topology that describes the way in which data flows around a network
Describe the Line/Bus Topology and it’s advantages and disadvantages
Bus Topology
- All the devices are connected to a backbone cable, the ends of which are plugged into a terminator
Advantages
- Relatively not expensive to set up
- Doesn’t require any additional hardware as all the terminals are connected to a backbone cable
Disadvanatages
- Dependent on backbone cable
- As traffic increases, performance decreases
- All computers can see the data transmission
Describe the Ring Topology and it’s advantages and disadvantages
Ring Topology
- This network creates a circular data path, packets of data travel from one device to the next until they reach their destination
Advantages
- Data flows in one direction which reduces the chance of packet collisions
- It is cheap to install and expand
Disadvantages
- Total dependence on one cable.
- Addition and removal of any node during a network is difficult
Describe the Star Topology and it’s advantages and disadvantages
Star Topology
- Uses a central node, often a switch, to direct data through the network
Advantages
- Transmits data faster with no data collisions
- Not dependent on one cable
- Easy to add new stations without disrupting network
Disadvantages
- Expensive due to switch and cabling
- If the central switch fails, the rest of the network fails
Describe the Mesh Topology and it’s advantages and disadvantages
Mesh Topology
- Every node is connected to every other node
Advantages
- As the number of nodes increase, the reliability and speed of network becomes better
- Improved speed as nodes don’t go through a central switch
Disadvantages
- If using a wireless network, devices with increases cost must be purchased
- If using a wired network, a large quantity of cable is required compared to other network topologies . This is expensive.
- Maintaining the network is difficult
What are Protocols
Sets of rules defining how two devices communicate with each other
Why are Protocols Standard
Allows all devices to communicate by ensuring they all follow the same rules so they communicate in the same way
Describe the Examples of Commonly Used Protocols
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – Used for web page rendering
- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) – Used in the routing of packets through networks
- POP3 (Post Office Protocol) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) – Mailing protocols, used for email access
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) – Used for the transmission of files over networks
Describe the structure of the Internet
- A global network of interconnected networks
- Allows computers on opposite sides of the globe to communicate with each other
- Continents are connected to each other using large international backbone cables. Many of these pass underwater
What is the The TCP/IP Stack
The Transmission Control Protocal / Internet Protocal is a group of protocols that work together specifiying how packets should be routed across a network
What are the the four layers of the TCP/IP stack
- Application Layer
- Transport Layer
- Network Layer
- Link Layer
What are the Advantages of Layering
- Reducing a complex problem into smaller sub-problems
- Devices can be manufactured to operate at a particular layer
- Products from different vendors will work together
What is the function of the application layer during data transmission
Specifies what protocol needs to be used in order to relate the application that’s being sent
What is the function of the transport layer during data transmission
- Establish an end-to-end connection between the source and recipient computer
- Splits up data into packets
- Adds to each packet: their packet number, total number of packets and port number
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What is the function of the network layer during data transmission
- Adds source and destination IP addresses
- Routers operate on the network layer and the router uses the IP to find out where the packets are heading
What is the function of the link layer during data transmission
- Establishes the connection between the network devices
- Adds the MAC address identifying the Network Interface Cards of the source and destination computers
What does the application layer do when it recieves data
Presents the data in the form it was sent using the protocal to see how the data needs to be presented (web page, image ect.)
What does the transport layer do when it recieves data
Reassembles the packets
What does the network layer do when it recieves data
Removes the IP addresses
What does the link layer do when it recieves data
Removes the MAC addresses