weathering and erosion

Question 1

what is weathering

Answer 1

breaking rocks into smaller pieces

Question 2

what does mechanical weathering involve

Answer 2

breaking rocks without changing the chemical composition

Question 3

what happens in ice wedging

Answer 3

water trapped in rocks freezes and expands, forcing the rocks apart

Question 4

what can also cause mechanical weathering

Answer 4

plants

Question 5

how do plants cause mechanical weathering

Answer 5

as their roots grow and put pressure on rocks, cracks widen and rock fragments may fall off

Question 6

what does chemical weathering involve

Answer 6

water, air, and other substances reacting with the minerals in the rock

Question 7

what are in plant roots that can cause chemical weathering

Answer 7

acids

Question 8

what do the acids in plants do

Answer 8

they can react with the minerals in rocks

Question 9

water and carbon dioxide combine to form what

Answer 9

carbonic acid

Question 10

what does carbonic acid react with

Answer 10

minerals such as calcite and limestone

Question 11

what occurs when metal is exposed to water

Answer 11

oxidation

Question 12

how rapidy weathering occurs depends on what

Answer 12

the climate

Question 13

where does chemical weathering occur slowly

Answer 13

in a desert

Question 14

why does chemical weathering occur more slowly in a desert

Answer 14

lack of moisture

Question 15

low temps in polar regions keep what to a minimum

Answer 15

chemical weathering

Question 16

whenever freezing and thawing alternate what becomes an important form of weathering

Answer 16

mechanical weathering

Question 17

what is the rate of weathering

Answer 17

how fast a rock breaks down

Question 18

what affects the rate of weathering

Answer 18

rock comp, amount of exposure, climate, and topography

Question 19

what is rock comp

Answer 19

what minerals make up the rock determines the rate at which it weathers

Question 20

quartz is a harder mineraal so what is it resistant to

Answer 20

chemical and mechanical weathering

Question 21

calcite is a softer mineral so what happens easily to it

Answer 21

chemical weathering

Question 22

the more weathering processes that occursm what also happens more

Answer 22

the more it weathers

Question 23

if you increase the sa of a rock, what will happen to the weathering rate

Answer 23

also increses

Question 24

what has the biggest effect on the rate of weathering

Answer 24

rainfall and the freezing and thawing produced by alternating cold and hot weather

Question 25

what climates have slow weathering

Answer 25

hot, dry and cold

Question 26

what climates have more chemcal weathering

Answer 26

warm and humid

Question 27

if you increase the altitude of a climate, what happens to the weathering

Answer 27

mechanical weathering is more likely

Question 28

how do potholes in streets get larger over time

Answer 28

weathering, erosion, and deposition

Question 29

what is mechanical weathering

Answer 29

physically breaking rock without changing the chemical comp

Question 30

what is abrasion

Answer 30

grinding away rock particles as they rub or bounce against each other

Question 31

what moves around rocks

Answer 31

water, ice, wind and gravity

Question 32

what are some examples of biological weathering

Answer 32

animals burrowing and plants roots

Question 33

what is chemical weathering

Answer 33

breaking rocks through chemical changesw

Question 34

what is the best climate for chemical weathering

Answer 34

moist and warm

Question 35

what is hydrolysis

Answer 35

when minerals change in water

Question 36

what is oxidation

Answer 36

when metals combine with water

Question 37

what dissolves in water to make carbonic acids

Answer 37

caarbon dioxide

Question 38

what do living organinisms have that dissolves rocks

Answer 38

acids in weak roots

Question 39

what kind of rain dissolves rock

Answer 39

acid rain

Question 40

what is better for gravestones, granite or limestone

Answer 40

granite because its igneous

Question 41

whats a meander

Answer 41

loop-like bends in the river

Question 42

where are meanders found

Answer 42

rivers on flat land

Question 43

what is the oxbow lake

Answer 43

a meander that has been cut off from the river

Question 44

when do boulders deposit on a stream

Answer 44

firstwh

Question 45

when do the smallest particles deposit on a stream

Answer 45

last

Question 46

where does water go fastest on a meander

Answer 46

on the outer edge

Question 47

what happens to the outer edge as water speeds up

Answer 47

eroision

Question 48

where is water slowest on a meander

Answer 48

inner edge

Question 49

what happens to the inner edge as water slows down

Answer 49

deposition

Question 50

what settles faster, larger or smaller particles

Answer 50

larger

Question 51

what happpens to the very small particles in a meander

Answer 51

they may remain suspended n the water indefinitely

Question 52

what settles faster, round or flat particles

Answer 52

rounder

Question 53

what is plucking

Answer 53

rocks freeze to the glacier and moves it

Question 54

what is abrasion in glacial erosion

Answer 54

rocks in glaciers scratch bed rock

Question 55

what is tll

Answer 55

unsorted glacial deposits

Question 56

what is moraine

Answer 56

till deposited at the edge of a glacier

Question 57

what are erratics

Answer 57

random boulders

Question 58

what are striations

Answer 58

parallel scratches in bedrock

Question 59

whats faster rivers flowing on a steep slope or rivers flowing on a flat slope

Answer 59

step slope

Question 60

what happens in waterfalls

Answer 60

softer rocks erode and harder rocks remain

Question 61

whats a flood plain

Answer 61

rivers that spread out when on flat land

Question 62

what would happen if the river flooded on flood plains

Answer 62

the land would be covered

Question 63

what major erosion can gravity cause

Answer 63

landslides, mudslides, slumps, and creeps

Question 64

whats the most destructive cause of gravity

Answer 64

landslides

Question 65

what are landslides

Answer 65

when rock and soil slide down a slope

Question 66

what are mudslides

Answer 66

a downward flow of water, rock and soil

Question 67

when do mudslides usually occur

Answer 67

after heavy rain

Question 68

whats a slump

Answer 68

rock and soil slip in one large chunk

Question 69

whats a creep

Answer 69

slowfall of rock and soil

Question 70

whats deflation

Answer 70

when wind picks up loose particles (low spots)

Question 71

what does the formation of sand dunes depend on

Answer 71

amount of speed, sand, and direction of wind and vegitation

Question 72

whats a glacier

Answer 72

large mass of ice

Question 73

what are valley glaciers

Answer 73

long and narrow

Question 74

where do valley glaciers typically form

Answer 74

high in the mountains

Question 75

what are continental glaicers

Answer 75

ice caps, cover alot of land

Question 76

what is soil

Answer 76

weathered down rock material and organism matter

Question 77

what is soil made up of

Answer 77

rock particles, minerals, decayed organic minerals, air and water

Question 78

what is humus

Answer 78

a dark organic mineral found in soil made from he decayed remains of plants and animals

Question 79

what is bedrock

Answer 79

soild, unweathered rock that lies beneath the oil

Question 80

whats a soil profile

Answer 80

cross sections in which layers of the soil and bedrock beneath the soil can be seen

Question 81

what are layers of soil and bedrock called

Answer 81

horizions

Question 82

what are decomposers

Answer 82

the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller peices and digest them with chemicals