Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Earth Science 8A > weathering and erosion > Flashcards

weathering and erosion Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is weathering

A

breaking rocks into smaller pieces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does mechanical weathering involve

A

breaking rocks without changing the chemical composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what happens in ice wedging

A

water trapped in rocks freezes and expands, forcing the rocks apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what can also cause mechanical weathering

A

plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do plants cause mechanical weathering

A

as their roots grow and put pressure on rocks, cracks widen and rock fragments may fall off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does chemical weathering involve

A

water, air, and other substances reacting with the minerals in the rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are in plant roots that can cause chemical weathering

A

acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do the acids in plants do

A

they can react with the minerals in rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

water and carbon dioxide combine to form what

A

carbonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does carbonic acid react with

A

minerals such as calcite and limestone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what occurs when metal is exposed to water

A

oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how rapidy weathering occurs depends on what

A

the climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does chemical weathering occur slowly

A

in a desert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why does chemical weathering occur more slowly in a desert

A

lack of moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

low temps in polar regions keep what to a minimum

A

chemical weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

whenever freezing and thawing alternate what becomes an important form of weathering

A

mechanical weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the rate of weathering

A

how fast a rock breaks down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what affects the rate of weathering

A

rock comp, amount of exposure, climate, and topography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is rock comp

A

what minerals make up the rock determines the rate at which it weathers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

quartz is a harder mineraal so what is it resistant to

A

chemical and mechanical weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

calcite is a softer mineral so what happens easily to it

A

chemical weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the more weathering processes that occursm what also happens more

A

the more it weathers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

if you increase the sa of a rock, what will happen to the weathering rate

A

also increses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what has the biggest effect on the rate of weathering

A

rainfall and the freezing and thawing produced by alternating cold and hot weather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what climates have slow weathering

A

hot, dry and cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what climates have more chemcal weathering

A

warm and humid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

if you increase the altitude of a climate, what happens to the weathering

A

mechanical weathering is more likely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how do potholes in streets get larger over time

A

weathering, erosion, and deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is mechanical weathering

A

physically breaking rock without changing the chemical comp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is abrasion

A

grinding away rock particles as they rub or bounce against each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what moves around rocks

A

water, ice, wind and gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are some examples of biological weathering

A

animals burrowing and plants roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is chemical weathering

A

breaking rocks through chemical changesw

34
Q

what is the best climate for chemical weathering

A

moist and warm

35
Q

what is hydrolysis

A

when minerals change in water

36
Q

what is oxidation

A

when metals combine with water

37
Q

what dissolves in water to make carbonic acids

A

caarbon dioxide

38
Q

what do living organinisms have that dissolves rocks

A

acids in weak roots

39
Q

what kind of rain dissolves rock

A

acid rain

40
Q

what is better for gravestones, granite or limestone

A

granite because its igneous

41
Q

whats a meander

A

loop-like bends in the river

42
Q

where are meanders found

A

rivers on flat land

43
Q

what is the oxbow lake

A

a meander that has been cut off from the river

44
Q

when do boulders deposit on a stream

A

firstwh

45
Q

when do the smallest particles deposit on a stream

A

last

46
Q

where does water go fastest on a meander

A

on the outer edge

47
Q

what happens to the outer edge as water speeds up

A

eroision

48
Q

where is water slowest on a meander

A

inner edge

49
Q

what happens to the inner edge as water slows down

A

deposition

50
Q

what settles faster, larger or smaller particles

A

larger

51
Q

what happpens to the very small particles in a meander

A

they may remain suspended n the water indefinitely

52
Q

what settles faster, round or flat particles

A

rounder

53
Q

what is plucking

A

rocks freeze to the glacier and moves it

54
Q

what is abrasion in glacial erosion

A

rocks in glaciers scratch bed rock

55
Q

what is tll

A

unsorted glacial deposits

56
Q

what is moraine

A

till deposited at the edge of a glacier

57
Q

what are erratics

A

random boulders

58
Q

what are striations

A

parallel scratches in bedrock

59
Q

whats faster rivers flowing on a steep slope or rivers flowing on a flat slope

A

step slope

60
Q

what happens in waterfalls

A

softer rocks erode and harder rocks remain

61
Q

whats a flood plain

A

rivers that spread out when on flat land

62
Q

what would happen if the river flooded on flood plains

A

the land would be covered

63
Q

what major erosion can gravity cause

A

landslides, mudslides, slumps, and creeps

64
Q

whats the most destructive cause of gravity

A

landslides

65
Q

what are landslides

A

when rock and soil slide down a slope

66
Q

what are mudslides

A

a downward flow of water, rock and soil

67
Q

when do mudslides usually occur

A

after heavy rain

68
Q

whats a slump

A

rock and soil slip in one large chunk

69
Q

whats a creep

A

slowfall of rock and soil

70
Q

whats deflation

A

when wind picks up loose particles (low spots)

71
Q

what does the formation of sand dunes depend on

A

amount of speed, sand, and direction of wind and vegitation

72
Q

whats a glacier

A

large mass of ice

73
Q

what are valley glaciers

A

long and narrow

74
Q

where do valley glaciers typically form

A

high in the mountains

75
Q

what are continental glaicers

A

ice caps, cover alot of land

76
Q

what is soil

A

weathered down rock material and organism matter

77
Q

what is soil made up of

A

rock particles, minerals, decayed organic minerals, air and water

78
Q

what is humus

A

a dark organic mineral found in soil made from he decayed remains of plants and animals

79
Q

what is bedrock

A

soild, unweathered rock that lies beneath the oil

80
Q

whats a soil profile

A

cross sections in which layers of the soil and bedrock beneath the soil can be seen

81
Q

what are layers of soil and bedrock called

A

horizions

82
Q

what are decomposers

A

the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller peices and digest them with chemicals

Earth Science 8A (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions