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Earth Science 8A > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

whats a mineral

A

natural, inorganic, crystalline solid found in the earths crust

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2
Q

what does organic mean in science

A

contains carbon

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3
Q

what is classification

A

systemic placement of categories

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4
Q

what do rock-forming minerals form

A

rocks that make up the earths crust

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5
Q

what are the types of rock-forming minerals

A

silicate and non silicate

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6
Q

what do silicate minerals contain

A

silicon and oxygen

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7
Q

what percentage of silicate minerals is in the earths crust

A

96

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8
Q

what are examples of silicate minerals

A

quartz, and feldspar

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9
Q

what percentage of non silicate minerals make up the earths crust

A

4

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10
Q

what do non silicate minerals not contain

A

silicon

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11
Q

what is cleavage

A

the tenancy to break along smooth flat surfaces

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12
Q

what is the hardest known mineral

A

diamond

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13
Q

what is fracture

A

tendency to break with rough or jagged edges

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14
Q

what is hardness

A

the measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched

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15
Q

what is a common mineral that breaks along smooth, flat surfaces

A

mica

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16
Q

what is luster

A

the reflection of light from a minerals surface

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17
Q

what is the name given to the scale of hardness

A

mohs

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18
Q

what is a common mineral that breaks with rough or jagged edges

A

quartz

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19
Q

what is streak

A

color left by powdered mineral on un-glazed porcelain

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20
Q

what is one of the softest known minerals

A

talc

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21
Q

what is a common mineral that bubbles with acid

A

calcite

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22
Q

what three tests would you perform to help you identify an unknown mineral

A

luster, hardness, streak

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23
Q

what mineral is commonly confused with gold

A

pyrite

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24
Q

what mineral is soft enough to leave a streak on paper, commonly used as pencil led

A

graphite

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25
Q

what gives minerals their physical properties

A

arrangement of atoms within the mineral

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26
Q

what is common between graphite and diamonds

A

both made of carbon, just the atoms are arranged differently

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27
Q

what are the two ways minerals are formed

A

crystallization of melted materials or crystallization of materials dissolved in water

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28
Q

the slower magma cools, what happens to the crystals

A

crystals get larger

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29
Q

the faster magma cools, what happens to the crystals

A

crystals get smaller

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30
Q

what are ores

A

when a rock contains a metal or is economically useful

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31
Q

True or false; the physical properties of a mineral can make it possible to identify the mineral

A

true

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32
Q

true or false; any mineral can be identified by a careful check of one physical characteristic

A

false, correction; many

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33
Q

true or false; hardness is a measure of how easily a mineral can be found

A

false, correction; scratched

34
Q

true or false; freidrich mohs developed a scale which lists minerals according to their hardness

A

true

35
Q

true or false; quartz will scratch a piece of copper, so quartz is harder than copper

A

true

36
Q

true or false; the luster of a mineral is described as metallic or non metallic

A

true

37
Q

true or false; when minerals are rubbed on a porcelain plate, they leave a streak of powdered mineral

A

true

38
Q

true or false; graphite does not leave a clear streak

A

true

39
Q

true or false; mica shows cleavage

A

true

40
Q

true or false; calcite is the only mineral that bubbles with acid

A

false, correction; is not

41
Q

what are the 3 types of rocks

A

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

42
Q

what does how the rock forms decide for the rock

A

what type of rock it is categorized as

43
Q

how are igneous rocks formed

A

cooling and solidification of magma or lava

44
Q

how are sedimentary rocks formed

A

cementing and compaction of smaller rock fragments into larger pieces

45
Q

how are metamorphic rocks formed

A

when heat and pressure is added to a pre existing rock, it changes

46
Q

what are mafic igneous rocks described as

A

darker in color and higher in density

47
Q

what are felsic igneous rocks described as

A

lighter in color and lower in density

48
Q

what are intrusive igneous rocks

A

cooling of magma deep below the crust

49
Q

what are extrusive igneous rocks

A

rapid cooling of lava o the earths surface

50
Q

what does intrusive mean

A

inside of earth

51
Q

what does extrusive mean

A

exterior of earth

52
Q

what does glassy mean

A

no crystals

53
Q

what does fine mean

A

microscopic crystals

54
Q

what does coarse mean

A

visible crystals

55
Q

if the rock has visible crystals, it means what

A

the rock is intrusive, it cooled slowly below the earths crust

56
Q

if the rock has litter to no crystals, it means what

A

the rock is extrusive, it cooled quickly above the earths crust

57
Q

what is clastic

A

deposits of smaller rock fragments

58
Q

what are evaporites

A

dissolved minerals left behind from rocks

59
Q

what are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks

A

clastic, chemical, and organic

60
Q

what do chemical sedimentary rocks form from

A

minerals that precipitates from water

61
Q

what do organic sedimentary rocks form from

A

the remains of organisms(living things)

62
Q

what is stratification

A

layering of sedimentary rock when there is a change in the kind of sediment being disposed

63
Q

what are fossils

A

the remains or traces of ancient plants or animals

64
Q

where are fossils almost always found

A

sedimentary rocks only

65
Q

what does metamorphic mean

A

to change form

66
Q

what is metamorphic rocks made by

A

change in heat or pressure

67
Q

any rock can become what

A

a metamorphic rock

68
Q

what are parent rocsk

A

the original rock before it changed
(metamorphic)

69
Q

what is foliation

A

when a rock has mineral seperation

70
Q

what is mineral alignmetn

A

when minerals start to line up

71
Q

what is banding

A

complete seperation of minerals;highly metamorphisized`

72
Q

what is contact metamorphism

A

hot magma pushes through pre-existing rock and the heat from the magma changes the surrounding rock

73
Q

what is reigional metamorphism

A

occurs over an area of hundred of square miles during pds of tectonic activity

74
Q

how does regional metamorphism happen

A

movement of tectonic plates torwards eachother creates tremendous heat and pressure in the rock at the plate edges

75
Q

what happens to minerals as foliation occurs

A

become aligned

76
Q

what does non foliated mean

A

no banding of crystal/marbles

77
Q

what are two types of metamorphism

A

contact, regional

78
Q

how is foliated different from non foliated

A

foliatied causes banding

79
Q

how are the the three foliated metamorphic rocks different

A

grain size

80
Q
A

Earth Science 8A (7 decks)

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