Minerals Flashcards
whats a mineral
natural, inorganic, crystalline solid found in the earths crust
what does organic mean in science
contains carbon
what is classification
systemic placement of categories
what do rock-forming minerals form
rocks that make up the earths crust
what are the types of rock-forming minerals
silicate and non silicate
what do silicate minerals contain
silicon and oxygen
what percentage of silicate minerals is in the earths crust
96
what are examples of silicate minerals
quartz, and feldspar
what percentage of non silicate minerals make up the earths crust
4
what do non silicate minerals not contain
silicon
what is cleavage
the tenancy to break along smooth flat surfaces
what is the hardest known mineral
diamond
what is fracture
tendency to break with rough or jagged edges
what is hardness
the measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
what is a common mineral that breaks along smooth, flat surfaces
mica
what is luster
the reflection of light from a minerals surface
what is the name given to the scale of hardness
mohs
what is a common mineral that breaks with rough or jagged edges
quartz
what is streak
color left by powdered mineral on un-glazed porcelain
what is one of the softest known minerals
talc
what is a common mineral that bubbles with acid
calcite
what three tests would you perform to help you identify an unknown mineral
luster, hardness, streak
what mineral is commonly confused with gold
pyrite
what mineral is soft enough to leave a streak on paper, commonly used as pencil led
graphite
what gives minerals their physical properties
arrangement of atoms within the mineral
what is common between graphite and diamonds
both made of carbon, just the atoms are arranged differently
what are the two ways minerals are formed
crystallization of melted materials or crystallization of materials dissolved in water
the slower magma cools, what happens to the crystals
crystals get larger
the faster magma cools, what happens to the crystals
crystals get smaller
what are ores
when a rock contains a metal or is economically useful
True or false; the physical properties of a mineral can make it possible to identify the mineral
true
true or false; any mineral can be identified by a careful check of one physical characteristic
false, correction; many
true or false; hardness is a measure of how easily a mineral can be found
false, correction; scratched
true or false; freidrich mohs developed a scale which lists minerals according to their hardness
true
true or false; quartz will scratch a piece of copper, so quartz is harder than copper
true
true or false; the luster of a mineral is described as metallic or non metallic
true
true or false; when minerals are rubbed on a porcelain plate, they leave a streak of powdered mineral
true
true or false; graphite does not leave a clear streak
true
true or false; mica shows cleavage
true
true or false; calcite is the only mineral that bubbles with acid
false, correction; is not
what are the 3 types of rocks
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
what does how the rock forms decide for the rock
what type of rock it is categorized as
how are igneous rocks formed
cooling and solidification of magma or lava
how are sedimentary rocks formed
cementing and compaction of smaller rock fragments into larger pieces
how are metamorphic rocks formed
when heat and pressure is added to a pre existing rock, it changes
what are mafic igneous rocks described as
darker in color and higher in density
what are felsic igneous rocks described as
lighter in color and lower in density
what are intrusive igneous rocks
cooling of magma deep below the crust
what are extrusive igneous rocks
rapid cooling of lava o the earths surface
what does intrusive mean
inside of earth
what does extrusive mean
exterior of earth
what does glassy mean
no crystals
what does fine mean
microscopic crystals
what does coarse mean
visible crystals
if the rock has visible crystals, it means what
the rock is intrusive, it cooled slowly below the earths crust
if the rock has litter to no crystals, it means what
the rock is extrusive, it cooled quickly above the earths crust
what is clastic
deposits of smaller rock fragments
what are evaporites
dissolved minerals left behind from rocks
what are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks
clastic, chemical, and organic
what do chemical sedimentary rocks form from
minerals that precipitates from water
what do organic sedimentary rocks form from
the remains of organisms(living things)
what is stratification
layering of sedimentary rock when there is a change in the kind of sediment being disposed
what are fossils
the remains or traces of ancient plants or animals
where are fossils almost always found
sedimentary rocks only
what does metamorphic mean
to change form
what is metamorphic rocks made by
change in heat or pressure
any rock can become what
a metamorphic rock
what are parent rocsk
the original rock before it changed
(metamorphic)
what is foliation
when a rock has mineral seperation
what is mineral alignmetn
when minerals start to line up
what is banding
complete seperation of minerals;highly metamorphisized`
what is contact metamorphism
hot magma pushes through pre-existing rock and the heat from the magma changes the surrounding rock
what is reigional metamorphism
occurs over an area of hundred of square miles during pds of tectonic activity
how does regional metamorphism happen
movement of tectonic plates torwards eachother creates tremendous heat and pressure in the rock at the plate edges
what happens to minerals as foliation occurs
become aligned
what does non foliated mean
no banding of crystal/marbles
what are two types of metamorphism
contact, regional
how is foliated different from non foliated
foliatied causes banding
how are the the three foliated metamorphic rocks different
grain size
