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Earth Science 8A > Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Plate Tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the name of the scientist who introduced Continental Drift

A

Alfred Wegener

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2
Q

What does the continental drift hypothesis suggest

A

that the continents have moved/drifted from one location to another

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3
Q

what did the continents do that supported continental drift

A

they fit together like a puzzle

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4
Q

What did rock formations have to do with continental drift

A

they match up along south america and africa

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5
Q

what do fossils have to do with continental drift

A

fossils of the same species (mesosaurus) were found in south america and africa

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6
Q

what evidence for continental drift is on rocks

A

climate change

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7
Q

what kind of fossil is found on Antarctica, india, and south america that supports continental drift

A

a type of fern fossil (glossopteris)

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8
Q

what is the theory of pangaea

A

about 225 million years ago, all the continents were connected to form a supercontinient called pangaea

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9
Q

what is the theory of plate tectonics

A

peices of earths lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle

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10
Q

what does the theory of plate tectonics explain

A

the formation, movement, and subduction of earths plates

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11
Q

what are plate boundaries

A

the interference/area between the crustal plates where earthquakes and volcanoes are most common

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12
Q

whats a fault

A

a break in the lithosphere along which movement has occurred

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13
Q

what are the types of plate boundaries (names)

A

divergent, convergent, transform

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14
Q

what motion do divergent plate boundaries make

A

two tectonic plates that move away from eachother

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15
Q

what motion do convergent plate boundaries make

A

two tectonic plates that move torwards eachother

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16
Q

what motion do transform plate boundaries make

A

two tectonic plates that slide past one another in oppposite directions

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17
Q

what type of plate boundary is a subduction zone

A

convergent

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18
Q

how do subduction zones work

A

the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle

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19
Q

what does a subduction zone allow the ocean floor to do

A

allows it to sink into the mantle and melt into molten rock

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20
Q

who are geologists

A

scientists that study the forces that make and shape the planet earth

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21
Q

what do geologists study about rocks

A

their chemical and physical characteristics

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22
Q

what do geologists search for clues about

A

earths history

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23
Q

what do constructive forces do to earth

A

shapes earths surface by building up mountains and landmasses

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24
Q

what do destructive forces do to earth

A

slowly wear away mountains and other features on the earths surface

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25
Q

what is the first layer of earth

A

crust

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26
Q

what is the second layer of earth

A

mantle

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27
Q

what is the third layer of earth

A

outer core

28
Q

what is the fourth layer of earth

A

inner core

29
Q

what natural cause is a seismic wave

A

earthquake waves

30
Q

what do scientists do with seismic waves

A

stud the speed of these waves and the path they take

31
Q

what model did seismic waves help put together

A

the layers of earth

32
Q

what is convection

A

the transfer of energy/heat through a gas or liquid

33
Q

what are convection cells

A

a circulating system of motion within a fluid or gas in which temperature and density differences exist

34
Q

how does temperature affect convection cells

A

in the warmer, less dense portion of the cell, motion is upward; in cooler, denser portions, motion is downward

35
Q

what is volcanism

A

any activity that includes the movement of magna onto or torwards the surface of earth

36
Q

what is magma

A

molten rock;melted rock that is below the surface

37
Q

what is lava

A

molten rock that errupts onto the earths surface

38
Q

what is a volcano

A

a weak spot in the crust where molten material (magma) comes to the surface

39
Q

what is a vent

A

the opening through which molten rock flows onto the surface

40
Q

the ring of fire is a volcanic ____

A

belt

41
Q

what is the ring of fire formed by

A

many volcanoes that rim the pacific ocean

42
Q

what 3 places do volcanoes form

A

subduction zones, hot spots, and mid-ocean ridges

43
Q

what is a hot spot

A

magma works its way up to the earths surface like a blow torch

44
Q

what can hot spots create

A

volcanic islands or island arcs

45
Q

how are hawaiian islands formed

A

island arcs

46
Q

what is an island arcs

A

string of islands formed by a volcano

47
Q

What is the focus of an earthquake

A

the point beneath earths surface where rock is under stress breaks (earthquakes)

48
Q

what is the epicenter of an earthquake

A

the point on the surface directly above the focus

49
Q

what is magnitude

A

a measure of the energy relaeased by an earthquake and ground motion

50
Q

what does the mercalli scale measure by

A

the intesity of an earthqake by the amount of damage it caused

51
Q

what does the mercalli scale use as numbers

A

roman numerals (I-XII) (1-12)

52
Q

What does the moment magnitude scale record

A

the magnitude of an earthquake and its strength

53
Q

what does the moment magnitude scale use as numbers

A

regular numbers 1-10

54
Q

what are body waves

A

waves that travel from the focus aof an earthquake through the interior of earth

55
Q

what are the 2 types of body waves

A

P-waves and S-waves

56
Q

what are P-waves also known as

A

primary waves or compression waves

57
Q

what motion do P-waves make

A

squeeze and stretch rock moterials as they pass trough earth

58
Q

what can P-waves travel through

A

any material including solids, liquids, and gases

59
Q

what are S-waves also known as

A

secondary waves or shear waves

60
Q

what motion do S-waves make

A

particles vibrate at right anglesto the direction of travel of the wave (side to side like a snake)

61
Q

what can S-waves travel trhough

A

solids, but not liquid

62
Q

which body wave is quicker

A

P-waves

63
Q

what parts of earths interior can P-waves travel through

A

all of earths interior

64
Q

what parts of earths interior can s-waves travel though

A

everything exept the outer core (its a liquid)

65
Q
A

Earth Science 8A (7 decks)

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