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All Subjects > Weather hazard - part 2 > Flashcards

Weather hazard - part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the earth?

A

inner core, outer core, mantle and crust

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2
Q

What are the two types of crust?

A

oceanic and continental

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3
Q

Is oceanic crust more or less dense?

A

it is more dense than continental

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4
Q

can continental crust be renewed or destroyed ?

A

it cannot

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5
Q

What is convection currents?

A

Heated rock from the mantle rises and spreads out carrying the plates.

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6
Q

What does subduction mean ?

A

pushed down

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of plate boundaries?

A

destructive
conservative
constructive
collision

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8
Q

What happens at a destructive plate boundary ?

A

Oceanic plate is subducted under the continental plate.

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9
Q

does earthquakes and volcanos (fold mountains) happen at a destructive plate boundary

A

yes, both

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10
Q

What is an example of fold mountains at a destructive plate boundary ?

A

The Andes fold mountains in south America.

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11
Q

What direction are the plates moving in at a collision plate boundary?

A

They move towards each other

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12
Q

do earthquakes happen at a collision plate boundary?

A

yes and not volcanos because no subduction causes magma to rise

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13
Q

What is an example of what happens at a collision plate boundary?

A

The Himalayas mountains

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14
Q

What way are the plates moving at a constructive plate boundary ?

A

Away from each other

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15
Q

Do earthquakes happen at a constructive plate boundary?

A

yes, usually small

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16
Q

Do volcanos form at a constructive plate boundary?

A

yes

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17
Q

Under what type of crust are constructive plate boundaries usually found?

A

Oceanic. the magma rising create volcanic islands in the ridge and form new crust in the ocean.

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18
Q

What is an example of a constructive plate boundary?

A

Iceland, which was formed by the north American plate and the Eurasian plate moving away from each other.

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19
Q

What happens at a conservative plate boundary?

A

They slide past each other, friction builds up causing them to get stuck and pressure is built up. when the pressure is released the sudden movements cause earthquakes.

20
Q

San Andreas faults is an example of what plate boundary?

A

conservative plate boundary

21
Q

What are the two types of volcanos?

A

composite and shield volcanos

22
Q

Describe a composite volcano

A

They have steep slopes and a narrow base, this is because the lava is thick and viscous and travels short distances.

23
Q

What is a hot spot volcano?

A

Its a mantle plume which lift the crust and cracks it. when it rises it forms a volcano, the plates move sideways which forms a line of volcanos. the oldest are the most eroded.

24
Q

What is a magma chamber?

A

A large pool of underground liquid rock found beneath the surface of the earth.

25
Q

What is a crater?

A

Circular depression around a volcanic vent created after an eruption.

26
Q

List 3 impacts of earthquakes:

A

Could have:
- death/injury
- damaged or destroyed infrastructure
- ruined crops - economic rebuild cost
- destroyed homes
- trapped people
- transport links cut off
- water spills due to split pipes

27
Q

The point at which an earthquake starts underground is known as the ‘…..’

A

focus

28
Q

What is directly above the focus?

A

epicentre

29
Q

‘……. …..’ are transmitted from the focus and release the earthquakes energy.

A

seismic waves

30
Q

What is a seismometer?

A

An instrument used to detect any sudden movements in the earths crust.

31
Q

Whare are the 2 different scales used when measuring earthquakes?

A

The richter scale and the mercalli scale

32
Q

What does the Mercalli scare measure up to and in what format?

A

Xii and in roman numerals

33
Q

What doe the richter scale measure and up to what?

A

Measures magnitude of an earthquake on a scale 1-10.

34
Q

What does a logarithmic scale mean?

A

each number is x10 more than the last number below.

35
Q

What’s the difference between a deep focus earthquake and a shallow focus earthquake?

A

A deep focus earthquake happen 70-700km below the ground and spread out vertically therefore effect a smaller area where as a shallow focus earthquake happen 0-70km below the surface and spread out horizontally effecting a larger area of damage.

36
Q

What 2 countries does Nepal border?

A

china and india

37
Q

Nepal isn’t well developed meaning is classed as a what kid of country?

A

Low-income developing country (LIDC)

38
Q

What was the magnitude of the Nepal earthquake the happened in 2015?

A

7.8 and a shallow focus earthquake (15km under the surface)

39
Q

What was the cause of the 2015 earthquake that happened in Nepal?

A

It was caused by the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate colliding at a collision plate boundary.

40
Q

How many people were injured in the 2015 earthquake?

A

19,009 people

41
Q

How many people were killed in the 2015 earthquake?

A

8,635 people

42
Q

What were the economic consequences to the 2015 earthquake in Nepal?

A

-180 building reduced to rubble in Kathmandu
- $10 billion of damage caused
- aftershocks threatened weakened buildings
- historical and religious buildings were destroyed

43
Q

What are social consequences to the 2015 earthquake?

A
  • homes and buildings lost
  • people were killed or injured
  • thousands of people were made homeless
44
Q

What are environmental consequences to the 2015 earthquake ?

A
  • Aftershocks
  • landslides in the mountains
45
Q

What does the landscape of Nepal affect?

A

The mountainous landscape adds more danger due to the increased risk of landslide which cuts of connections between villages and towns and can also destroy villages located in valleys.

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