Dynamic development Flashcards
What is development?
it is any improvement in the standard of living of people in a country
What are LIDCs and what is an example
Low income developing countries and nepal, chad or zimbia
What are EDCs and what is an example?
Emerging developing country and brazil, russia, india, china , south africa
What are ACc and give an example
Advanced country and uk, usa, spain, france ,canada
What are the 4 kinds of development?
economic, enviromental, social, political
What does GNI stand for and what is it?
gross national income- the sum of all the money earned in a country
What does GNI per capita mean?
average wealth per person
What is GDP?
Gross domestic product-total value of what a country produces
How is human development index (HDI) measured by and what is the score between?
It gives a score between 0-1 based on GNI per capita, life expectancy and adult literacy rate
What are some physical factors affecting development?
risk of natural hazards, landlocked countries find trade difficult, availability to natural resources
What is a political factor?
some countries are at war or the government may be corrupt
What is corruption?
the abuse of entrusted power for private gain
What is colonialism?
the ruling of one country by another country
What are the 2 human factors that affect a countries development?
political and corruption
Why can it be difficult for countries to break through poverty?
trade - most of the increase in trade has been between ACs, what can be traded (natural commodities vs manufactured goods)
What does TNCs stand for?
trans- national corporations (big company)
What is political unrest?
a widespread dissatisfaction with the goverment in a country
What are the contributes to political unrest?
- social inequality
- poor government
- high taxes
- lack of government spending of services such as schools and roads
- rising prices of essential items
- conflict over ownership of resources
Where is the case study of dynamic development?
Zambia
Describe the location of Zambia?
Zambia is located in central southern africa. it is a landlocked country with places like zimbabwe, malawi and angola surrounding. its capital city is lusaka
Whats a disadvantage to Zambias location?
its is landlocked meaning it has no easy access to the ocean and trade become difficult.
What is Zambia main export?
copper
Why can copper be an unreliable export?
over the year the price fluctuates.
How many stages are in Rostow’s model of development?
the traditional society, pre -condition for take off, take off, the drive to maturity, high mass consumption.
What is the traditional society?
the economy is based on farming and low-level technology
What is pre-conditions for take off?
farming improves with new technology, industry begins to extract natural resources, trade and communication improve.
What is take off?
investments in industry increases , one or two manufacturing industries grow, infrastructure like roads and power supply improve.
What is drive to maturity?
investment remains high, technology and mechanisation develop, international trade become more important.
What is high mass consumption?
consumer industries grow, with an increase in personal wealth and ownership. more people are well educated and trade continues to grow.
What is an advantage of Rostows model?
A very respected model that most scientists believe in
or
simplified development theory that is easy to understand.
What is a disadvantage to Rostows model?
assumes that all countries develop in the same way
or
doesn’t consider the some countries develop economically but not socially or morally.
what are Zambia’s 8 millennium development goals?
halve extreme poverty and hunger, primary education, gender equality, reduce child mortality, global partnershiop of development, ensure enviromental sustainabli
what is the problem with trading copper?
the price fluctuates
What does TNCs stand for?
trans- national corporations
Why may TNC find Zambia a good place to invest in?
- stable political system
2.positive economic environment
3.attractive investment incentives
4.good banking, legal and insurance services - abundant natural resources
- access to other markets
- thriving private sectors
- good place to work and live
What is FDI?
foreign direct investment
what are advantages to TNCs?
- provide jobs and incomes to individual workers
-workers pay tax, which provides income for the government
-investments helps the country to exploit its natural resources - produce goods efficiently and cheaply, reducing the cost to consumers
What are disadvantages to TNCs?
- the dominate local or smaller companies
- pay low wadges
- pollute and damage the environment
- they put there own profit before the interests of workers and consumers
- try to avoid paying tax
What is the ABF?
associated British foods are a large company owning a variety of smaller companies.
how much debt relief was Zambia given?
$6.5 billion
what is top down development?
A large scale, big impact, expensive change that the government or TNCs make.
What is an example of top down development in Zambia?
Kariba dam
What is bottom up development?
Decisions made by local people with little funds and are smalls scale
What are advantages to top down development?
this project will have a lot of money to get lots of things done and this project will change things for a large number of people as there is lots of money
What are disadvantages to top down?
this project will change things for a large number of people as there is lots of money.
What are advantages to bottom down?
this project involves the local people in the decisions so they will be invested in making it work and this project involved local people in the decisions allowing them to express where they think they need the help.
What are disadvantages to bottom down?
This project is often funded by charity so the funding cannot be guaranteed and tries to take into consideration the local people and their views, but there might be lots of different opinions
What is an example of bottom down development in Zambia?
room to read
What is a advantage to the Kariba dam?
generated large amounts of hydroelectric power
What is a disadvantage of the Kariba dam?
Moved 57000 Tonga people to be relocated
