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geography > Weather & climate > Flashcards

Weather & climate Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the weather

A

Daily atmospheric conditions outside

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2
Q

What is climate

A

General or average weather conditions of a region over a longer period

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3
Q

What is climate very important in

A

Determining vegetation, soils, animals (fauna) of a region

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4
Q

What are some different climate weather conditions

A

Drought, hurricanes, tornadoes, ice storms, blizzards, wildfires, windstorms etc

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5
Q

What is latitude

A

Measurement of distance north or south from the equator in degrees and minutes

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6
Q

How much kilometres wide is each degree of latitude

A

110 km wide

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7
Q

What does latitude determine

A

Amount of sunlight a place receives

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8
Q

What is altitude

A

Elevation of earth surface.

The higher the elevation the cooler the temp

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9
Q

What is solar energy

A

Amount of sunlight reaching the earths surface. Lower latitudes receive higher months of solar energy

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10
Q

What are global air masses an air pressure systems

A

In BC we get air masses from the last which is from the wind coming from the ocean. In the winter we can get air coming from the Arctic.

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11
Q

Air masses?

A

Large bodies of air w/ similar temp and humidity

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12
Q

Marine air masses?

A

Develop over large water bodies - moist weighed eg. Pacific Ocean (water evaporates if it’s warm enough)

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13
Q

Continental air mass

A

Develops over large land areas (dry warm or dry cold) eg. Interior regions of North America.

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14
Q

What heats up more rapidly than water

A

Land

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15
Q

Bc has 3 main types of climate regions

A
  1. Pacific (west coast)
  2. Cordilleran (mountainous and interior areas away from the coast)
  3. Boreal (north east)
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16
Q

Pacific climate

A

Warm cool summers, mild wet winters. High precipitation levels.

17
Q

Cordilleran (west coast)

A

Cooler temp as you rise elevation - more continental air masses

18
Q

Boreal

A

Cool summers, cold winters. Low annual precipitation

19
Q

Orographic percipitation

A

Effect that effects precipitation.

West win move over Pacific Ocean coming towards us, absorbing moisture and ocean evaporates.

Moisture air approaches mountains in west coast. (Insular mountains on VANCOUVER ISLAND)

Once it’s approaches mountains it rises to get over mountains.

As it rises it cools and contracts causing condensation in form of rainfall

20
Q

Rainfall occurs most where

A

West slip of mountains

21
Q

What areas get less rainfall

A

Victoria, gulf islands, white rock, Lytton, lillooet, Kamloops

22
Q

Soils

A

Breaking down of rock and minerals. Formed with some organic materials.

23
Q

Soil horizon

A

Different layers in soil

O horizon - undecayed organic material (leaves, branches, grass etc)haven’t decomposed yet - top layer

A horizon - 2nd layer - decayed organic matter- a lot of nutrients. Ppl use this on top of their soil

B horizon - mineral layer - a lot of plants get minerals from this layer

C horizon - parent material - solid rock - soil came from this material

24
Q

Vegetation patterns are closely tired to

A

Soils and climate

25
Q

If you leave a land bare what u first get

A

Pioneer plants (grass, weeds, annual plants)

26
Q

Second plant over time you get

A

Bigger more heartier plants (perennial plants and grasses)

27
Q

3rd plant you get

A

Shrubs (woody pioneers)

28
Q

4th plant

A

Short-lived pioneer trees (young forest)

29
Q

5th plant

A

(Mature forest) climax forest - big trees

30
Q

Biomes ?

A

Large areas of similar groups of major climax species and associated climate (tundra, boreal forest, desert, tropical forest, rainforest, grasslands etc)

31
Q

Biogeoclimatic zone

A

In bc, biomes are divided into biogeoclimatic zone

32
Q

Seeing a biogeoclimatic zone maps help with what

A

Where certain animals would be. Certain trees would be.where mountains are

33
Q

What causes climate change

A

-tilt of earths axis, earths rotation
(Changes sunlight in certain areas-just a theory)
-major catastrophes - asteroid & volcanoes
(Huge dust and smoke into atmosphere - sunlight gets blocked - cooling affect)
-greenhouse gases Are rising & absorbing heat from earth
(Carbon dioxide, burning fossil fuel (oil & coal & natural gas), agriculture & methane more heat absorbing that carbon dioxide (decomposition, manure)

34
Q

How is it affecting our province

A

Getting drier. Losing mountains. Vegetation increasing. Sea level rise because glaciers melting. Water shortages in lower mainland. Less snow on mountains. More wildfires in okanagan.

35
Q

Other expected climate change

A
  • hotter summer temp
  • grow fruit
  • more invasive species (different plants, insect & animals)
  • more frequent storms and more flooding
  • salmons would go away cause they need cold water for oxygen level

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