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Geography > Indigenous People - CH 6 > Flashcards

Indigenous People - CH 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s another word for indigenous people

A

Aboriginal people

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2
Q

What are the three groups of aboriginal people

A

Indians(First Nations), Inuit and Métis

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3
Q

Who is the fastest growing population in Canada

A

Indigenous people

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4
Q

Which government are responsible for the indigenous people? Federal or provincial?

A

Federal government

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5
Q

How did they arrive here?

A

Land bridge across Bering Sea from Siberia to Alaska/Yukon Dash it was during the last Ice Age

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6
Q

What happen when the ice melted?

A

Exposed Corredor, found footprint of indigenous people in New Mexico.

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7
Q

What’s the island hopping theory

A

They thought people moved along the ingratiated islands of the west coast of BC in haida gwaii.

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8
Q

Where did the indigenous people settle in BC

A

They settled throughout the province and organized according to language and territory

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9
Q

How many Indian bands in BC are there

A

200 Indian bands

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10
Q

What does it mean when indigenous people were animists

A

They believe in spirits associated with the natural world of animals

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11
Q

Where did they find evidence of human occupation dating back to 14,000 years ago with archeological work in Haida gwaii in the central coast near Bella Bella

A

Underwater

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12
Q

Why did a lot of settlement happen along the coastline provision of people

A

Food sources like fishing was good because of rivers and lakes it was connected to the ocean, clothing, shelter etc.

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13
Q

What does territories base on

A

Languages, System of private land Dash hunting/fishing territories and harvesting of plants and berries.

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14
Q

What is trading common in Indigenous groups

A

Yes

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15
Q

What would they trade? Three examples

A

Slaves, canoes, women for breeding

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16
Q

Did indigenous people have written language

A

No they didn’t write things down.

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17
Q

How did they tell stories

A

Aurelien by dance

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18
Q

What is a potlatch

A

Type of ceremony practice mainly by indigenous groups.

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19
Q

What happened during a potlatch

A

Usually a chief ahead of the clown or invite their clients to come and celebrate a potlatch feast and receive gifts. During this phase, deaths would have been commemorated, wedding celebrated, disputes resolve, outstanding debts dealt with etc.

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20
Q

Who told them no more potlatches

A

Federal government

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21
Q

Who came across indigenous people And which explorer

A

Do Europeans and explore was Juan Perez

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22
Q

Who is the next explore that came and arrived where

A

James cook in 1778 and arrived in nootka sound

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23
Q

What did this start when both explorers came

A

Trades

24
Q

What did they really trade

A

Furs and interest in the area by England and Spain

25
Q

Who made the map of BC

A

Captain George Vancouver

26
Q

How did this change the way indigenous culture was when the Europeans came

A

Before they lived near land and water then they lived where money, trade, wage labour was involved

27
Q

What happened when the European leaders came

A

They change the language, laws, concept of property ownership, education etc.

28
Q

What act came about in 1876 from the federal government

A

The Indian act

29
Q

Why did the federal government create the Indian act

A

Shut control the indigenous people and take over

30
Q

What was under the Indian act

A

– Denied women status – introduced residential schools – created reserves - renamed individuals with European names - restricted first nations from leaving reserve without permission from Indian agent Dash could ask appropriate portions of reserve for roles, railways and other public works – could lease out uncultivated reserve ones to non-first nations if the new leaseholder would use it for farming or pasture

31
Q

Where are more situations that were in the Indian act

A

Forbid first nations from forming political organizations – prohibited anyone, first nation or non-first nation from soliciting funds for first nation legal claims with a special license -prohibited the sale of alcohol to first nations – prohibited sale of ammunition - prohibited Poolhall owners from allowing first Nations entrance – impose the band council system - forbid first nations from speaking the language - forbid them practising their traditional religion– forbid western first nations from appearing in any public dance, sure, exhibition, stampede or pageant wearing traditional regalia

32
Q

And more rules

A

Declared potlatch illegal - denied first Nations to right to vote -created permit system to control first nations ability to sell products from farms - is a piece of legislation created under British rule for the purpose of subjugating one race – aboriginal people

33
Q

Contact led to deciminstion of many Indigenous people primarily through diseases like

A

Smallpox, measles, venereal disease, tuberculosis and flu They didn’t get treatment

34
Q

Who came up with the national day of truth and reconciliation

A

Federal government

35
Q

What led to treaties with aboriginal groups

A

Land rights

36
Q

What did treaties establish

A

Resources and where they would live

37
Q

What happen when Canada settled

A

British and the federal government negotiated treaties mainly in Ontario and the prairie provinces however in BC, few aboriginal groups sign treaties except for some on Vancouver island(Douglas treaties)

38
Q

What happen when the Indian act came about

A

Treaties in most cases led to reserves; these are learn set aside for the collective use of an Indian band

39
Q

What did Brayden recognizable aboriginal people

A

They recognize that aboriginal people had occupied the land first and they had a form of self government over the territory. They were not to be abused and continue governing themselves and be compensated. The British felt that if the aboriginal people signed the treaty they would get money But the aboriginal people had to give up their rights

40
Q

What did the British also tell indigenous people that they could get

A

Free education and land

41
Q

What does BNA act stand for

A

British North American act

42
Q

What happened with the BNA act

A

Give the authority over Indian lands to the federal government

43
Q

What did the federal government do you treaties with the aboriginal

A

By giving up aboriginal rights and titles to the land

44
Q

How did the aboriginal people view the treaties

A

They had a different view Dash agreements between sovereign powers to share land and resources with non-aboriginal

45
Q

The 14 Vancouver island treaties are sometimes referred to as

A

Douglas treaties after James Douglas the chief factor of fort Victoria who negotiated the purchase of approximately 358 of land on Vancouver island

46
Q

What happen when indigenous people give up right to their land

A

They were paid and blankets and promise the rights to hunt on unsettled learned how to carry on fisheries. However these lines soon became settled so they had a little access to the resources they depended on

47
Q

What did Douglas allow for indigenous people

A

to occupy land if they cleared it; however, governments didn’t recognize any aboriginal title to the land

48
Q

In the 1970s federal government recognized two types of aboriginal title to land

A
  • reserve lines which were held by federal government – hunting,  fishing and trapping rights to an occupied crown lands
49
Q

Are the reserve lands under indigenous ppl?

A

No, under fed govt

50
Q

What was the delgamuukw case

A

Supreme Court of Canada render judgment. The judgement is of major significance. It requires governments to recognize and respect aboriginal title, aboriginal law and oral histories

51
Q

What else do the governments have to do with this case

A

Consult with first nations were there could be interference with the title. Provincial and federal government can’t come in and pass a law that’s for indigenous people anymore

52
Q

Tsilhqot in uprising

A

Miners were constructing a road from the head of Bute inlet into the chilcotin region for gold explanation

53
Q

19 man in total were

A

Killed by Tsilquot’in members led by 6 chiefs

54
Q

Why were they killed

A

Competing land, gold, guns etc. but the main reason is now considered to be prevent smallpox from entering their territory

55
Q

Recently in history or the governments right to kill them

A

They recently said they were in the wrong and they shouldn’t have been hung. Terrible injustice. Both provincial and federal government apologized and the current liberal government recently reversed the charges against the Chiefs

56
Q

judge Matthew begbie did what to the miners

A

Had them hung

Geography (7 decks)

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