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Indigenous People - CH 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s another word for indigenous people

A

Aboriginal people

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2
Q

What are the three groups of aboriginal people

A

Indians(First Nations), Inuit and Métis

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3
Q

Who is the fastest growing population in Canada

A

Indigenous people

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4
Q

Which government are responsible for the indigenous people? Federal or provincial?

A

Federal government

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5
Q

How did they arrive here?

A

Land bridge across Bering Sea from Siberia to Alaska/Yukon Dash it was during the last Ice Age

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6
Q

What happen when the ice melted?

A

Exposed Corredor, found footprint of indigenous people in New Mexico.

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7
Q

What’s the island hopping theory

A

They thought people moved along the ingratiated islands of the west coast of BC in haida gwaii.

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8
Q

Where did the indigenous people settle in BC

A

They settled throughout the province and organized according to language and territory

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9
Q

How many Indian bands in BC are there

A

200 Indian bands

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10
Q

What does it mean when indigenous people were animists

A

They believe in spirits associated with the natural world of animals

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11
Q

Where did they find evidence of human occupation dating back to 14,000 years ago with archeological work in Haida gwaii in the central coast near Bella Bella

A

Underwater

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12
Q

Why did a lot of settlement happen along the coastline provision of people

A

Food sources like fishing was good because of rivers and lakes it was connected to the ocean, clothing, shelter etc.

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13
Q

What does territories base on

A

Languages, System of private land Dash hunting/fishing territories and harvesting of plants and berries.

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14
Q

What is trading common in Indigenous groups

A

Yes

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15
Q

What would they trade? Three examples

A

Slaves, canoes, women for breeding

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16
Q

Did indigenous people have written language

A

No they didn’t write things down.

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17
Q

How did they tell stories

A

Aurelien by dance

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18
Q

What is a potlatch

A

Type of ceremony practice mainly by indigenous groups.

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19
Q

What happened during a potlatch

A

Usually a chief ahead of the clown or invite their clients to come and celebrate a potlatch feast and receive gifts. During this phase, deaths would have been commemorated, wedding celebrated, disputes resolve, outstanding debts dealt with etc.

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20
Q

Who told them no more potlatches

A

Federal government

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21
Q

Who came across indigenous people And which explorer

A

Do Europeans and explore was Juan Perez

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22
Q

Who is the next explore that came and arrived where

A

James cook in 1778 and arrived in nootka sound

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23
Q

What did this start when both explorers came

24
Q

What did they really trade

A

Furs and interest in the area by England and Spain

25
Who made the map of BC
Captain George Vancouver
26
How did this change the way indigenous culture was when the Europeans came
Before they lived near land and water then they lived where money, trade, wage labour was involved
27
What happened when the European leaders came
They change the language, laws, concept of property ownership, education etc.
28
What act came about in 1876 from the federal government
The Indian act
29
Why did the federal government create the Indian act
Shut control the indigenous people and take over
30
What was under the Indian act
– Denied women status – introduced residential schools – created reserves - renamed individuals with European names - restricted first nations from leaving reserve without permission from Indian agent Dash could ask appropriate portions of reserve for roles, railways and other public works – could lease out uncultivated reserve ones to non-first nations if the new leaseholder would use it for farming or pasture
31
Where are more situations that were in the Indian act
Forbid first nations from forming political organizations – prohibited anyone, first nation or non-first nation from soliciting funds for first nation legal claims with a special license -prohibited the sale of alcohol to first nations – prohibited sale of ammunition - prohibited Poolhall owners from allowing first Nations entrance – impose the band council system - forbid first nations from speaking the language - forbid them practising their traditional religion– forbid western first nations from appearing in any public dance, sure, exhibition, stampede or pageant wearing traditional regalia
32
And more rules
Declared potlatch illegal - denied first Nations to right to vote -created permit system to control first nations ability to sell products from farms - is a piece of legislation created under British rule for the purpose of subjugating one race – aboriginal people
33
Contact led to deciminstion of many Indigenous people primarily through diseases like
Smallpox, measles, venereal disease, tuberculosis and flu They didn’t get treatment
34
Who came up with the national day of truth and reconciliation
Federal government
35
What led to treaties with aboriginal groups
Land rights
36
What did treaties establish
Resources and where they would live
37
What happen when Canada settled
British and the federal government negotiated treaties mainly in Ontario and the prairie provinces however in BC, few aboriginal groups sign treaties except for some on Vancouver island(Douglas treaties)
38
What happen when the Indian act came about
Treaties in most cases led to reserves; these are learn set aside for the collective use of an Indian band
39
What did Brayden recognizable aboriginal people
They recognize that aboriginal people had occupied the land first and they had a form of self government over the territory. They were not to be abused and continue governing themselves and be compensated. The British felt that if the aboriginal people signed the treaty they would get money But the aboriginal people had to give up their rights
40
What did the British also tell indigenous people that they could get
Free education and land
41
What does BNA act stand for
British North American act
42
What happened with the BNA act
Give the authority over Indian lands to the federal government
43
What did the federal government do you treaties with the aboriginal
By giving up aboriginal rights and titles to the land
44
How did the aboriginal people view the treaties
They had a different view Dash agreements between sovereign powers to share land and resources with non-aboriginal
45
The 14 Vancouver island treaties are sometimes referred to as
Douglas treaties after James Douglas the chief factor of fort Victoria who negotiated the purchase of approximately 358 of land on Vancouver island
46
What happen when indigenous people give up right to their land
They were paid and blankets and promise the rights to hunt on unsettled learned how to carry on fisheries. However these lines soon became settled so they had a little access to the resources they depended on
47
What did Douglas allow for indigenous people
to occupy land if they cleared it; however, governments didn’t recognize any aboriginal title to the land
48
In the 1970s federal government recognized two types of aboriginal title to land
- reserve lines which were held by federal government – hunting,  fishing and trapping rights to an occupied crown lands
49
Are the reserve lands under indigenous ppl?
No, under fed govt
50
What was the delgamuukw case
Supreme Court of Canada render judgment. The judgement is of major significance. It requires governments to recognize and respect aboriginal title, aboriginal law and oral histories
51
What else do the governments have to do with this case
Consult with first nations were there could be interference with the title. Provincial and federal government can’t come in and pass a law that’s for indigenous people anymore
52
Tsilhqot in uprising
Miners were constructing a road from the head of Bute inlet into the chilcotin region for gold explanation
53
19 man in total were
Killed by Tsilquot’in members led by 6 chiefs
54
Why were they killed
Competing land, gold, guns etc. but the main reason is now considered to be prevent smallpox from entering their territory
55
Recently in history or the governments right to kill them
They recently said they were in the wrong and they shouldn’t have been hung. Terrible injustice. Both provincial and federal government apologized and the current liberal government recently reversed the charges against the Chiefs
56
judge Matthew begbie did what to the miners
Had them hung

Geography (7 decks)

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