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Weather and Climate > Weather and Climate: Ch. 10 > Flashcards

Weather and Climate: Ch. 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Storm containing lightning and thunder

A

Thunderstorms

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2
Q

Thunderstorms are _________

A

convective

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3
Q

What three things form a thunderstorm?

A
  1. Lifting mechanism
  2. Moisture
  3. Instability
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4
Q

What are the 3 stages of thunderstorm development?

A
  1. Cumulus Stage
  2. Mature Stage
  3. Dissipating Stage
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5
Q

Characteristics of Cumulus Stage of a thunderstorm

A
  • Cumulus clouds build vertically and laterally
  • Updraft (dominate) lifts moisture upward
  • No precipitation
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6
Q

Characteristics of Mature Stage of a thunderstorm

A
  • Precipitation reaches surface
  • Updrafts and downdrafts
  • Thunderstorms most active
  • Tops can exceed 40,000’
  • Anvil at tropopause
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7
Q

What is a part of the Mature Stage when the thunderstorm is most active?

A

rain heaviest, lightning, hail, strong surface winds, tornadoes

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8
Q

Downdrafts (subsiding air) replaces updraft

A

Dissipating Stage of thunderstorm

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9
Q

What 3 things are on the Thunderstorm Spectrum

A
  1. Ordinary (Single) Cell Thunderstorms
  2. Squall Line
  3. Supercell Thunderstorms
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10
Q

Characteristics of Ordinary (Single) Cell Thunderstorms

A
  • Frequently in mT air mass
  • “Air-mass” or “pop-up” thunderstorms
  • Spring and Summer
  • Midafternoon - lasts 20 to 30 minutes
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11
Q

Narrow band of thunderstorms that often produce severe weather

A

Squall Line

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12
Q

Where are tornadoes on a squall line?

A

on leading edge of line

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13
Q

Where is a squall line located?

A

Along or ahead of (50-200 miles) cold front

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14
Q

Strong, isolated, long-lasting thunderstorm

A

Supercell Thunderstorm

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15
Q

Supercell Thunderstorms have single rotating _______

A

updraft

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16
Q

Supercell Thunderstorms are along _____ fronts or ____ lines

A

cold; dry

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17
Q

Characteristics of Supercell Thunderstorms

A
  • Tornadoes (strong or violin)
  • High Winds
  • Large Hail & Heavy Rain
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18
Q

rotating air column on south side of storm

A

Mesocyclone

19
Q

Mesocyclone is a part of a __________ Thunderstorm

A

Supercell

20
Q

What is the National Weather Service’s criteria for a severe thunderstorm?

A
  1. Hailstone 1 in. diameter
  2. Winds over 58 mph
  3. Tornadoes or funnel clouds
21
Q

Wind direction changes with height

A

Wind shear

22
Q

Strong updraft pushes into stratosphere

A

Overshooting Top

23
Q

Cold downdraft reaches surface pushing outward in all directions

A

Gust front

24
Q

In a gust front, straight-line winds may exceed ___ mph

A

60

25
Q

In a gust front, outflow boundary may generate…

A

new thunderstorms

26
Q

Horizontal tube-shaped cloud detached from parent cloud

A

Roll Cloud

27
Q

Low, horizontal wedge-shaped cloud

A

Shelf Cloud

28
Q

Characteristics of a Shelf Cloud

A
  • Attached to base of thunderstorm
  • Accompanies gust front
29
Q

Harmless, ragged looking cloud

A

Scud Cloud

30
Q

A scud cloud changes shape ______ and does not ________

A

rapidly; rotate

31
Q

Dark, low-hanging cloud at base of SUPERCELL

A

Wall Cloud

32
Q

A wall cloud ________

A

rotates

33
Q

Characteristics of a Microburst

A
  • Winds extend distance of 2.5 miles or less
  • Surface winds may top 100 mph
  • Dangerous for aircraft
34
Q

Winds push squall line so it appears as a bow

A

Bow Echo

35
Q

Strongest winds near _______ of bow

A

center

36
Q

Long-lived, straight-line winds

A

Derecho

37
Q

the path of a derecho is ________ of miles long

A

hundreds

38
Q

Individual thunderstorms organized into larger circular cluster

A

Mesoscale Convection Complex (MCC)

39
Q

Characteristics of Mesoscale Convection Complex (MCC)

A
  • Summer
  • Develop primarily at night
  • Great Plain states
  • Can last more than 12 hours
40
Q

Effects of Mesoscale Convection Complex (MCC)

A
  • Heavy rainfall
  • Strong winds
  • Possibly tornadoes
41
Q

Flood waters that rise rapidly with little or no warning

A

Flash Flooding

42
Q

thunderstorms keep passing over same area

A

training

43
Q
A

Weather and Climate (11 decks)

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