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Weather and Climate > Weather and Climate: Ch. 10 > Flashcards

Weather and Climate: Ch. 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Storm containing lightning and thunder

A

Thunderstorms

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2
Q

Thunderstorms are _________

A

convective

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3
Q

What three things form a thunderstorm?

A
  1. Lifting mechanism
  2. Moisture
  3. Instability
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4
Q

What are the 3 stages of thunderstorm development?

A
  1. Cumulus Stage
  2. Mature Stage
  3. Dissipating Stage
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5
Q

Characteristics of Cumulus Stage of a thunderstorm

A
  • Cumulus clouds build vertically and laterally
  • Updraft (dominate) lifts moisture upward
  • No precipitation
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6
Q

Characteristics of Mature Stage of a thunderstorm

A
  • Precipitation reaches surface
  • Updrafts and downdrafts
  • Thunderstorms most active
  • Tops can exceed 40,000’
  • Anvil at tropopause
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7
Q

What is a part of the Mature Stage when the thunderstorm is most active?

A

rain heaviest, lightning, hail, strong surface winds, tornadoes

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8
Q

Downdrafts (subsiding air) replaces updraft

A

Dissipating Stage of thunderstorm

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9
Q

What 3 things are on the Thunderstorm Spectrum

A
  1. Ordinary (Single) Cell Thunderstorms
  2. Squall Line
  3. Supercell Thunderstorms
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10
Q

Characteristics of Ordinary (Single) Cell Thunderstorms

A
  • Frequently in mT air mass
  • “Air-mass” or “pop-up” thunderstorms
  • Spring and Summer
  • Midafternoon - lasts 20 to 30 minutes
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11
Q

Narrow band of thunderstorms that often produce severe weather

A

Squall Line

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12
Q

Where are tornadoes on a squall line?

A

on leading edge of line

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13
Q

Where is a squall line located?

A

Along or ahead of (50-200 miles) cold front

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14
Q

Strong, isolated, long-lasting thunderstorm

A

Supercell Thunderstorm

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15
Q

Supercell Thunderstorms have single rotating _______

A

updraft

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16
Q

Supercell Thunderstorms are along _____ fronts or ____ lines

A

cold; dry

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17
Q

Characteristics of Supercell Thunderstorms

A
  • Tornadoes (strong or violin)
  • High Winds
  • Large Hail & Heavy Rain
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18
Q

rotating air column on south side of storm

A

Mesocyclone

19
Q

Mesocyclone is a part of a __________ Thunderstorm

20
Q

What is the National Weather Service’s criteria for a severe thunderstorm?

A
  1. Hailstone 1 in. diameter
  2. Winds over 58 mph
  3. Tornadoes or funnel clouds
21
Q

Wind direction changes with height

A

Wind shear

22
Q

Strong updraft pushes into stratosphere

A

Overshooting Top

23
Q

Cold downdraft reaches surface pushing outward in all directions

A

Gust front

24
Q

In a gust front, straight-line winds may exceed ___ mph

25
In a gust front, outflow boundary may generate...
new thunderstorms
26
Horizontal tube-shaped cloud detached from parent cloud
Roll Cloud
27
Low, horizontal wedge-shaped cloud
Shelf Cloud
28
Characteristics of a Shelf Cloud
- Attached to base of thunderstorm - Accompanies gust front
29
Harmless, ragged looking cloud
Scud Cloud
30
A scud cloud changes shape ______ and does not ________
rapidly; rotate
31
Dark, low-hanging cloud at base of SUPERCELL
Wall Cloud
32
A wall cloud ________
rotates
33
Characteristics of a Microburst
- Winds extend distance of 2.5 miles or less - Surface winds may top 100 mph - Dangerous for aircraft
34
Winds push squall line so it appears as a bow
Bow Echo
35
Strongest winds near _______ of bow
center
36
Long-lived, straight-line winds
Derecho
37
the path of a derecho is ________ of miles long
hundreds
38
Individual thunderstorms organized into larger circular cluster
Mesoscale Convection Complex (MCC)
39
Characteristics of Mesoscale Convection Complex (MCC)
- Summer - Develop primarily at night - Great Plain states - Can last more than 12 hours
40
Effects of Mesoscale Convection Complex (MCC)
- Heavy rainfall - Strong winds - Possibly tornadoes
41
Flood waters that rise rapidly with little or no warning
Flash Flooding
42
thunderstorms keep passing over same area
training
43

Weather and Climate (11 decks)

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