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geography > weather and climate > Flashcards

weather and climate Flashcards

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1
Q

weather

A

the day to day conditions of the atmosphere

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2
Q

climate

A

the average weather conditions of an area occurring over many years

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3
Q

global atmosphere

A

the worldwide movement of air which transports heat from tropical to polar latitudes

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4
Q

hemisphere

A

a half of the earth

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5
Q

troposphere

A

lowest layer of the atmosphere

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6
Q

trade wind

A

wind that blows from tropics towards the equator

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7
Q

northern hemisphere

A

the half of the earth above the equator

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8
Q

southern hemisphere

A

the half of the earth below the equator

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9
Q

what does warm air do ?

A

rises and condenses into clouds and creates low pressure

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10
Q

what does cold air do ?

A

sinks and creates high pressure

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11
Q

difference in temperature causes …

A

differences in air pressure

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12
Q

how is heat energy transferred away from equator?

A

wind blows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

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13
Q

what weather does high pressure cause

A

dry and sunny

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14
Q

what weather does low pressure cause

A

cloudy

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15
Q

how does the earth heat

A

sun releases light energy

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16
Q

equator

A

hottest line of latitude
where sun rays are most concentrated

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17
Q

north and south pole

A

coldest lines of latitude
where sun rays are least concentrated as there is a low angle of sunlight

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18
Q

what are the 3 cells

A

hadley
polar
ferrel

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19
Q

ocean currents

A

large scale movements of water that transfer heat energy from warmer to cooler regions

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20
Q

surface currents

A

currents causes by winds to transfer heat away from equator

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21
Q

ITCZ stands for …

A

inter-tropical coverage zone

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22
Q

why does position of ITCZ change

A

to create seasons

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23
Q

what creates wind

A

air moves from areas of thigh pressure to low pressure

24
Q

where are subtropical jets

A

i between Hadley and ferrel cell

25
Q

where are polar jets

A

in between ferrel and polar cell

26
Q

where is ITCZ

A

in between 2 hadley cells

27
Q

jet stream

A

fast moving air current that travels west to east in upper atmosphere

28
Q

what causes unsettled weather

A

warm moist air of ferrel cell meets dry air of polar cell

29
Q

anti-clockwise

A

ocean currents in southern hemisphere

30
Q

clockwise

A

ocean currents in northern hemisphere

31
Q

climate change

A

large scale,long term shift in the planets weather patterns or average temp

32
Q

evidence for natural climate change (4)

A

ice cores
tree rings
historical sources
pollen records

33
Q

ice cores

A

ice sheets(layers of ice)formed each year

scientists drill to get long cores of ice

bubbles in layers show amount of co2

more co2 = warmer period

34
Q

tree rings

A

tree grows new ring each year

rings are thicker in warm,wet conditions

scientists count rings to find age of tree

35
Q

pollen records

A

pollen gets preserved in sediment
in lakes or peat bogs

scientists date pollen which shows species living at that time

species show conditions of the time

36
Q

historical sources

A

daily weather reports since 1973

diaries,paintings,books

paintings of fairs and markets on frozen rivers

37
Q

natural causes of climate change (3)

A

Milankovitch cycles
solar variation and sunspots
volcanic activity

38
Q

milankovitch cycles

A

precession
eccentricity
axial tilt

39
Q

precession

A

earth wobbling on its axis

40
Q

eccentricity

A

the orbit of the earth changes over time

41
Q

axial tilt

A

earth is tilted to create seasons

42
Q

solar variation and sunspots

A

amount of radiation the sun provides varies over time

43
Q

volcanism

A

larger volacnic eruptions eject a lot of ash and dust into atmosphere
can partially block out solar radiation
reduces temp

44
Q

human causes of climate change

A

industry
farming
energy
transport

45
Q

industry

A

industrial waste ends up in landfill and decays releasing methane
cement production releases co2

population growth =more

46
Q

farming

A

rice paddies and cows release methane

clearing land of trees for agriculture (trees absorb co2)

population growth = bigger demand

47
Q

transport

A

most vehicles run on fossil fuels which release greenhouse gases when burnt

car ownership rapidly increasing in emerging countries

48
Q

energy

A

co2 released when fossil fuels like coal and oil are burned

49
Q

3 greenhouse gases

A

water vapour
carbon dioxide
methane

50
Q

green house gas

A

gas that traps heat in the atmosphere

51
Q

green house effect

A

important for humans beacuse it traps suns heat in our atmosphere to keep us warm

52
Q

enhanced greenhouse effect

A

human activity increases greenhouse gases released into atmosphere

traps too much heat causing global warming

53
Q

global warming

A

warming of earth responsible for climate change

54
Q

effects of climate change

A

retreating glaciers
rising sea levels
changing patters of crop yeild

55
Q

rising sea levels

A

rising temps melt ice + thermal expansion rises sea levels
increases rate of coastal erosion+floods

56
Q

retreating glaciers

A

glacier=slow moving rivers of ice

rising temperatures melt them

used in places in nepal for watering crops with underground sources

57
Q

changing patterns of crop yields

A

warmer temps=more frequent droughts

lower crop yields=food shortages/malnutrition + starvation

geography (5 decks)

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