Weaknesses Flashcards
What are the layers of the epidermis. Which layer contains melanocytes?
Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale - contains melanocytes Dermis
What tasks are Instrumental Activities of Daily Living?
Managing Medication Using telephone Doing a food shop Transport Managing finances Clean your house
What are the order of blood vessels in the kidney?
Renal Segmental Interlobar Arcuate Interlobular Afferent Efferent
Theoretical model of behavior change order
Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
What is Barrett’s Oesophagus
Where the epithelia changes near where the stomach starts. Stratified Squamous > Simple Columnar
What is the Wilson and Jugner criteria and what are they?
Criteria for if a screening initiative should take place.
- Understand the the disease
- Cost effective with benefits
- Treatment guidance is pre-laid out
- Test should be acceptable to patients
What is the action of Allopurinol?
Blocks xanthine oxidase
How are purines processed?
Xanthine oxidase converts
Purine > Xanthine + Uric acid
What week for the lung buds enlarge to form the main bronchi?
Week 5
What is utilitarianism?
Providing maximum benefits and balancing them with the risks
What arteries supply the pancreas?
Superior and Inferior pancreatoduodenal and the splenic
What is the number needed to treat?
Number of individuals who have to undergo treatment for just 1 of them to get better
What shape are osteoblasts?
Cuboidal
How many layers does oxygen pass through in the alveoli
4 or 7 depending on how you group things
What layer difference differentiates arteries and veins.
Veins lack external elastic lamina
What enzyme is the rate limiting step of the urea cycle?
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
What is Campers Facia?
superficial layer of fat on the abdomen and upper thighs
What type of jaundice is Gilberts syndrome
Pre-hepatic despite being a problem with the glucuronosyltransferase enzyme, as it is a build up on unconjugated bilirubin.
What is Secondary prevention?
to detect disease early for treatment
What enzyme converts Isocitrate to a-Ketoglutarate
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
What enzyme converts Citrate to Isocitrate?
Aconitase
Name all the things in the Krebs cycle
Acetyl-CoA Citrate Isocitrate Alpha-Ketoglutarate Succinyl-CoA Succinate Fumarate Malate Oxaloacetate
What is the function of the Hippocampus
Converts short term memories to long term memories.
Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s
Describe the spirometry changes in asthma
FVC FEV1 Both decrease
FEV1 decreases more than FVC so ratio also goes down.
When is progesterone produced in the mensural cycle and what stimulates it?
Produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation.
Therefore increasing in the luteal phase.
How is relative risk difference calculated?
Find absolute risk difference (high risk-low risk) then divide by the low risk. convert to %.
What part of adipose tissue breakdown can be used for gluconeogenesis?
Glycerol
What cells lineage give rise to osteoblasts?
Mesenchymal stem cells
How is insulin released by beta cells?
Glucose enters through GLUT2 ATP is produced ATP gated K+ channels get blocked Membrane polarizes Voltage gated calcium channels open Calcium catalyzes exocytosis of vesicles
What organelle digests proteins?
Lysosomes
Where is mRNA synthesized?
Nucleus
What is the function of the Nucleolus?
rRNA synthesis of new ribosomes
What is the role of arachnoid granulations?
Drain CSF from the subarachnoid space into the subdural space (where venous drainage is)
What produces CSF?
choroid plexus - ependymal cells
What role do ATP and ADP play in muscle contraction?
ATP must attach for the myosin head to detach it from the actin.
ATP hydrolysis is required to reset the myosin head.
ADP + Pi is displaced by the power stroke.
What is the name of the surface point the appendix can be found?
Mcburney’s point
What are the Pyramidal tracts?
Rubrospinal
Vestibulospinal
Reticulospinal
Tectospinal
What are the extra pyramidal tracts?
Corticospinal
-lateral………muscle tone and fine motor
-anterior……muscle tone and trunk muscles
Corticobulbar
-muscles of the head and neck
What is the resting and threshold potential of:
Neurons
Myocytes
Neurons: -70, -55
Myocytes: -90, -~70
What are osteoclasts derived from?
Hematopoietic stem cells
What is FGF-23’s role
Prevents reabsorption of bone
