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G's Phase 1 > Public health > Flashcards

Public health Flashcards

1
Q

What is a biological stress response

A

metabolic changes due to stress - endorphin levels

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2
Q

what is a physiological stress response

A

physiological parameter is altered in response to stress e.g shallow breathing, high blood pressure

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3
Q

what is an emotional stress response

A

emotional sign of stress - mood swings, tears, aggressive, apathetic

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4
Q

what is a cognitive stress response

A

negative thoughts or concentration loss

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5
Q

behavioral stress response examples?

A

going off grid, drugs, starving, overeating, sleep disturbances

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6
Q

what is a positive affect

A

positive change in emotion eg becoming happy

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7
Q

what might social stress response include

A

changes in: social relationships; participation in activities/work

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8
Q

what is primary prevention

A

Prevention of disease in people who haven’t been diagnosed - includes health promotion

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9
Q

high risk approach to prevention

A

targeting health promotion and disease prevention to groups based on epidemiology

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10
Q

aim of population approach to screening

A

Aims to lower the level of risk in the population

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11
Q

tertiary prevention

A

aims to reduce the impact of the disease through rehabilitation to improve quality of life

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12
Q

what is the prevention paradox

A

majority of cases of a disease come from a population at low or moderate risk of that disease, and only a minority of cases come from the high risk population. This is because the number of people at high risk is small.
therefore better to prevent in the masses than target only high risk.

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13
Q

what is absolute risk

A

risk of developing disease in a time period

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14
Q

relative risk

A

risk of developing disease relative to an exposure

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15
Q

what is incidence

A

the number of new cases in a population in a time period

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16
Q

what is inverse care law

A

place with good care have fewer cases, while area’s with poor care have more cases. e.g poor community has substandard care for obesity while rich area has fewer obese people but all the health resources.

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17
Q

what are some common global public health issues?

A 
population growth 
low fertility 
information access
migration 
environmental changes
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18
Q

leading causes of infant mortality in developing countries?

A

diarrhea
pneumonia
malaria

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19
Q

recommended maximum alcohol intake in a week?

A

14 units

20
Q

what is a unit of alcohol

A

8g or 10ml of ethanol

21
Q

example of vehicle borne disease

A

cholera

22
Q

example of vector borne disease

A

malaria

23
Q

example of airborne disease

A

COVID

24
Q

extrinsic aging factors

A

UV, smoking, pollution, drugs

25
Q

what is eustress

A

positive stress that is motivating

26
Q

what is normal BMI

A

18.5-25

27
Q

what is obese BMI

A

> 30 with 3 classes that increase every 5 points

28
Q

what is Prader Willi syndrome

A

missing chromosome 15 from dad

intellectually impaired and overeat

29
Q

what are the types of error

A 
omission 
commission
skill based 
knowledge based 
negligence
30
Q

what is an omission error

A

delaying required action or not doing it at all

31
Q

what is commission error

A

wrong action taken

32
Q

what is negligence error

A

omission errors that show a level of professional incompetency

33
Q

what are skills based errors

A

failure to perform due to distraction

34
Q

what is knowledge based error

A

failure due to lack of knowledge

35
Q

name some ethical theories

A

Utilitarianism
Deontology
Virtue ethics
Kantianism

36
Q

explain utilitarianism in medicine

A

do what creates the greatest good and minimizes the most harm

37
Q

explain deontology

A

‘do unto other as you would be done by’

do what is morally correct regardless of the consequences

38
Q

what are the 5 virtues of virtue ethics

A 
Compassion 
Discernment (good judgement)
Trustworthiness 
Integrity 
Conscientiousness (wanting to do a good job)
39
Q

deductive ethics is?

A

using one theory and applying it to all situations

40
Q

inductive approach to ethics?

A

using past medical events to build guides

41
Q

what is meta-ethics

A

explores the fundamental questions and big picture

42
Q

what are normative-ethics?

A

focusing on the ethics of individual actions

43
Q

what are applied ethics?

A

dealing with specific realms of action and creating criteria for discussing issues

44
Q

what type of ethical principal guides the GMC duties of a doctor?

A

deontology - doing what is right in the moment

45
Q

what is Kantianism

A

judges morality but it’s adherence to rules and imperatives like do not kill do not steal.

G's Phase 1 (11 decks)

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