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Geography > Weaher Hazards And Climate Change > Flashcards

Weaher Hazards And Climate Change Flashcards

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1
Q

What is global atmospheric circulation?

A

Air currents in the atmosphere which are used to help explain weather patterns

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2
Q

What conditions cause tropical storms?

A
  • Low latitudes
  • Temp of ocean above 27
  • Low wind shear
  • Summer and autumn
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3
Q

How is climate change expected to affect tropical storms?

A
  • more topical storms expected in south Atlantic
  • frequency stay the same, but category 4 + 5 increase
  • increase in intesity, every 1 degree increase in surface sea temp is 3-5% wind speed increase
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4
Q

When did typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines?

A

8th November 2013

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5
Q

What category was typhoon haiyan?

A

Category 5

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6
Q

What were the primary effects of typhoon haiyan?

A

Social - 4.1 million homeless
Economic - $12 billion worth of damage
Environmental - 1.1 million tonnes of crops destroyed

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7
Q

What were the secondary effects of typhoon haiyan?

A

Social - infection and disease spread due to contaminated water
Economic - by 2014 rice prices had risen by 12%
Environmental - flooding caused land slides

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8
Q

What were the immediate responses to typhoon haiyan?

A
  • 800,000 people evacuated by authorities
  • emergency aid supplied by plane 3 days later
  • 1 million food packs supplied in 2 weeks
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9
Q

What were the long term responses to typhoon haiyan?

A
  • Oxfam replaced fish in boats
  • more cyclone shelters
  • ‘no build zone’, no homes were rebuilt in areas that were at risk from flooding
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10
Q

What type of pressure is rain created in?

A

Low

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11
Q

What are the cells called on the global atmospheric circulation model?

A

Polar
Ferrel
Hadley
Hadley
Ferrel
Polar

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12
Q

Where are hurricanes?

A

Atlantic Ocean

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13
Q

Where are cyclones?

A

Indian Ocean

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14
Q

Where are typhoons?

A

Pacific ocean

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15
Q

What is a primary effect?

A

The initial impact of a natural event on people or property

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16
Q

What is a secondary effect?

A

The after effects that occur as an indirect impact of a natural event

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17
Q

What are some examples of immediate responses to tropical storms?

A
  • people are evacuated
  • temporary shelters are set up for people made homeless
  • provide water and food for people
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18
Q

What are some examples of long term responses to tropical storms?

A
  • repair and rebuild properties
  • rehouse people
  • improve forecasting and early warning systems
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19
Q

How many people were affected by typhoon Haiyan?

A

13 million

20
Q

How many people were killed in Tanoa?

A

1200

21
Q

What year was the beast from the east?

A

2018

22
Q

What caused the beast from the east?

A
  • northern polar jet stream changed direction
  • caused by a jump in temperatures above the artic (sudden stratospheric warming)
  • uks normally westerly winds turned easterly
  • air picked up moisture over the sea bringing snow
  • storm Emma then arrived bringing more snow
23
Q

What were some of the primary effects of the beast from the east?

A
  • up to 50cm snow in Dartmoor and exmoor
  • coastlines issued with flood warnings
  • gusts up to 60-70mph
24
Q

What were some of the secondary impacts of the beast from the east?

A
  • BA cancelled hundreds of flights from Heathrow
  • thousands of schools closed
  • many lorries jack knifed
  • a baby was born on the road
25
Q

What were the responses to the beast from the east?

A
  • gritters and snow ploughs sent out
  • red warnings issued
  • army and Royal Air Force personnel called to help move health workers through blocked roads
26
Q

What are some techniques which show evidence for climate change?

A
  • ice cores
  • pollen analysis
  • tree rings
  • instrumental record
  • sea level rise
27
Q

What are sun spots and how can they cause climate change?

A

They are areas of more intense energy on the sun, which causes the earth to temporarily warm

28
Q

What are milankovitch cycles?

A
  • axial tilt
  • precession (wobble of the earth)
  • eccentricity (circular to rugby ball shape)
29
Q

How can volcanic activity cause climate change?

A
  • ash clouds can black out the sun, reducing the temperature on earth for a short time
  • fine droplets form acid which act like tiny mirrors reflecting radiation from the sun, this is a long term impact
30
Q

How does combustion of fossil fuels cause climate change?

A
  • creates the enhanced greenhouse effect, which is were the natural layer of greenhouse gases is thicker, meaning more heat is reflected back to earth
31
Q

How is changing agriculture causing climate change?

A
  • produces 20% of greenhouse gases
  • methane and carbon dioxide released
32
Q

How does deforestation lead to climate change?

A
  • trees are a carbon sink, so removing them means less carbon stores
  • this leads to the enhanced greenhouse effect
33
Q

What are some social impacts of climate change?

A
  • ski resorts will suffer from a lack of snow
  • increased pressure on water sources
  • greater risk of flooding
34
Q

What are some environmental issues caused by climate change?

A
  • loss of sea ice in polar regions means a loss of wildlife
  • coral reefs could be destroyed
  • biodiversity reduced
35
Q

How does carbon capture work?

A
  • capture CO2 at emission sources and then store or bury in a suitable location
36
Q

How does planting trees help?

A

They act as a carbon sink

37
Q

What is alternative energy production?

A

Renewable energy sources reduce greenhouse gas emissions

38
Q

How has renewable energy sources increased in the uk?

A

10.7% in 2014 to 39.5% in 2023

39
Q

How can we manage water supply?

A
  • reservoirs and dams
40
Q

What are changes in agricultural systems?

A

Changing levels in rainfall and higher temperatures
Farmers can change crops which are more suited to new conditions

41
Q

How do you reduce risk from rising sea levels?

A

Construct defences such as walls
Raise properties on stilts
Relocate people at risk

42
Q

What is mitigation?

A

Reducing the impacts of climate change

43
Q

What is adaptation?

A

Strategies to respond to new conditions created by climate change

44
Q

What are some mitigation examples?

A

Alternative energy production
Carbon capture
Planting trees
COP

45
Q

What are some adaptation examples?

A

Change in agricultural systems
Managing water supply
Reducing risk from rising sea levels

Geography (7 decks)

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