Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > Rivers > Flashcards

Rivers Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What is abrasion?

A

Rocks carried along by the river wear down the river bed and banks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is attrition?

A

Rocks being carried by the river smashing against eachother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is discharge?

A

The quantity of water that passes a given point within a given period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an estuary?

A

Where the river meets the sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are embankments?

A

Raised banks constructed along the river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is flood plain zoning?

A

Separating land so that land that often gets flooded is not built upon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a flood relief channel?

A

Artificial channels made to increase discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are fluvial processes?

A

Relating to erosion, transport and deposition of a river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a gorge?

A

A narrow steep sided valley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is hard engineering?

A

Using artificial structures to strop, disrupt or reduce the impact of river processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

Air being trapped in cracks, this weakens the banks and wears it away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are interlocking spurs?

A

A series of ridge projecting out on alternate sides of a valley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a levee?

A

Embankment of sediment along the bank of a river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is saltation?

A

Particles bouncing down the river bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is soft engineering?

A

Using the natural enviroment and working with the. River

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is solution?

A

Soluble particles dissolving into the rivet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is suspension?

A

Fine solid material held in the water whilst it is moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the different stores of water?

A

Interception
Surface storage
Soil moisture
Groundwater store

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the water transfers?

A

Stem flow
Infiltration
Percolation
Groundwater flow
Through flow
Surface run off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the water table?

A

Current upper level of saturated soil where no more water can be absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is ground water flow?

A

Water flow through the rock layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is through flow?

A

Water flow through the soil layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is percolation?

A

Water seeping deeper through the rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a drainage basin?

A

The area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

25
Q

What is a confluence?

A

Where a tributary joins a larger river

26
Q

What is watershed?

A

The edge of a river basin

27
Q

How mnay courses of a river are there?

A

3

28
Q

How does the gradient of a river change from source to mouth?

A

Gets less steep

29
Q

What landforms can you expect in an upper course?

A

V shaped valleys
Interlocking spurs
Waterfalls

30
Q

What landforms can you expect in a middle course?

A

Meanders
Oxbow lakes

31
Q

What landforms can you expect in the lower course?

A

Levees, flood plains, estuaries

32
Q

What is traction?

A

Material rolled along the bed

33
Q

What is load?

A

Material being carried by the river

34
Q

What is deposition?

A

Material being transported by the river is dropped

35
Q

What characteristics can you expect in the upper course?

A

Valley - steep
Channel - narrow

36
Q

What characteristics can you expect in the middle course?

A

Valley - wider, less steep
Channel - wider, deeper

37
Q

What characteristics can you expect in the lower course?

A

Valley - flat, wide
Channel - deep, wide

38
Q

What processes and material can we expect in the upper course?

A

Mainly erosion
Load is large nad angular

39
Q

What processes and material can we expect in the middle course?

A

Erosion and transportation
Load slightly smaller and rounder

40
Q

What processes and material can we expect in the lower course?

A

Transportation and deposition
Load is small and round

41
Q

How are interlocking spurs formed?

A

Vertical erosion creates a v shaped valley
Rivers lack lateral erosion so it is forced to wind around hillsides

42
Q

How is a waterfall formed?

A

Water runs over alternating bands of hard and soft rock
Erosion wears away the soft rock
This starts to undercut the hard rock
This collapses into the river bed creating a plunge pool
This repeats and the waterfall retreats backwards
Leaving a gorge

43
Q

What is the faster flow of water in a meander called?

A

Thalweg

44
Q

What human factors can affect flood risk?

A

Deforestation
Urbanisation

45
Q

What physical factors can increase flood risk?

A

Relief
Rainfall
Basin size
Rock type
Soil saturation

46
Q

What are examples of hard engineering strategies?

A

Chanel straightening
Embankments
Flood relief channels
Dams and resiviors

47
Q

What are some soft engineering strategies?

A

Flood warning + preparation
Flood plain zoning
Afforestation
Reviver restoration

48
Q

Where does the jubilee channel effect?

A

Windsor
Eton
Wraysbury

49
Q

How much did the jubilee river relief channel cost?

A

£110 million

50
Q

What is the cost of repairing the channel after an episode of flooding?

A

£680,000

51
Q

When was the jubilee river completed?

A

2002

52
Q

What are some socioeconomic positives of the jubilee river?

A

3000 properties are protected

53
Q

What are some socio economic negatives of the jubilee river?

A

Small business’s can’t open when they are flooded so they are under pressure
Most expensive flood relief scheme in the UK
Funding has now been withdrawn so the government only fund parts

54
Q

What are some environmental issues of the jubilee channel?

A

The concrete weirs are ugly
The natural ecosystem has been effected
The Thames now experiences much higher flooding

55
Q

What towns has the jubilee river helped?

A

Maidenhead
Windsor
Eton

56
Q

What towns has the jubilee river negatively affected?

A

Old Windsor
Wraysbury

57
Q

What are the positives of the jubilee river?

A

Protects 3,200 homes
Increases river capacity
Protects 500 businesses

58
Q

What are the negatives of the jubilee river?

A

Business insurance now costs £500 million
Its an economic burden as it is very expensive to restore
Worsened flooding in Wraysbury
Eutrophication
Property price reduced by 20%

Geography (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions