WCAG 2.1 Success Criteria Flashcards
1.1.1
Non-text Content
A
All non-text content that is presented to the user has a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose [except for controls/input, time-based media, test, sensory, CAPTCHA, decoration/formatting/invisible.]
1.2.1
Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded)
A
When the audio or video is not a media alternative for text, an alternative for time-based media is provided that presents equivalent information for prerecorded media, and/or prerecorded audio-only alternative for prerecorded video-only.
1.2.2
Captions (Prerecorded)
A
Synchronized captions are provided for all prerecorded audio (except where the audio is itself an alternative to text and is clearly labeled as such).
1.2.3
Audio Description or Media Alternative (Prerecorded)
A
An alternative for time-based media or audio description of video is provided (except where the audio is itself an alternative to text and is clearly labeled as such).
1.2.4
Captions (Live)
AA
Captions are provided for all live audio content in synchronized media.
1.2.5
Audio Description (Prerecorded)
AA
Audio description is provided for all prerecorded video content in synchronized media.
1.2.6
Sign Language (Prerecorded)
AAA
Sign language interpretation is provided for all prerecorded audio content in synchronized media.
1.2.7
Extended Audio Description (Prerecorded)
AAA
Where pauses in foreground audio are insufficient to allow audio descriptions to convey the sense of the video, extended audio description is provided for all prerecorded video content in synchronized media.
1.2.8
Media Alternative (Prerecorded)
AAA
An alternative for time-based media is provided for all prerecorded synchronized media and for all prerecorded video-only media.
1.2.9
Audio-only (Live)
AAA
An alternative for time-based media that presents equivalent information for live audio-only content is provided.
1.3.1
Info and Relationships
A
Information, structure, and relationships conveyed through presentation can be programmatically determined or are available in text.
1.3.2
Meaningful Sequence
A
When the sequence in which content is presented affects its meaning, a correct reading sequence can be programmatically determined.
1.3.3
Sensory Characteristics
A
Instructions provided for understanding and operating content do not rely solely on sensory characteristics of components, such as shape, colour, size, visual location, or sound.
1.3.4
Orientation
A
Content does not restrict its view and operation to a single display orientation, such as portrait or landscape, unless a specific display orientation is essential.
1.3.5
Identify Input Purpose
AA
The purpose of each input field collecting user information can be programmatically determined when the input field serves a defined purpose (WCAG 2.1 section 7) and the content is implemented using technologies that can identify the expected meaning for form input data.
1.3.6
Identify Purpose
AAA
In content implemented using markup languages, the purpose of UI components, icons, and regions can be programmatically determined
1.4.1
Use of Color
A
Color is not used as the only means of conveying information, indicating an action, prompting a response, or distinguishing a visual element.
1.4.2
Audio Control
A
If any audio plays automatically for more than 3 seconds, either a mechanism is available to pause/stop the audio, or to control audio volume independently from the overall system volume.
1.4.3
Contrast (Minimum)
AA
The visual presentation of text and images of text has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1, except:
- large text: at least 3:1
- incidental: no contrast requirement for text or images of text that are part of inactive UI elements, are decorative, are not visible, or are part of a picture
- logotypes: no contrast requirement
1.4.4
Resize Text
AA
Except for captions and images of text, text can be resized without assistive technology upto 200% without loss of content or functionality.
1.4.5
Images of Text
AA
If the right visual presentation can be achieved, text is used to convey information rather than images of text, except where:
- the image of text can be customized by the user
- the particular presentation of text is essential to the information being conveyed
1.4.6
Contrast (Enhanced)
AAA
The visual presentation of text and images of text has a contrast ratio of at least 7:1, except:
- large text: at least 4.5:1
- incidental: no contrast requirement for text or images of text that are part of inactive UI elements, are decorative, are not visible, or are part of a picture
- logotypes: no contrast requirement
1.4.7
Low or No Background Audio
AAA
For prerecorded audio-only content that contains primarily speech in the foreground, is not an audio CAPTCHA or logo, and is not vocalization as musical expression, at least one of the following is true:
- audio has no background sounds, OR
- background sounds can be turned off, OR
- background sounds are at least 20 decibels (dB) or approx 4x lower than foreground speech content (with the exception of occasional sounds <2 seconds)
1.4.8
Visual Presentation
AAA
For visual presentation of blocks of text, there is a mechanism for the following:
- user can select foreground and background colours
- measure (line width) is no more than 80 characters (40 if CJK)
- text is not justified
- leading (line spacing) is at least 1.5 within paragraphs, and paragraph spacing is at least 1.5x larger than line spacing.
- text can be resized without AT upto 200% without having to scroll horizontally to read
1.4.9
Images of Text (No Exception)
AAA
Images of text are only used for pure decoration or where a particular presentation of text is essential to the information being conveyed.
1.4.10
Reflow
AA
Content can be presented without loss of information or functionality, and without scrolling in two dimensions for:
- vertical scrolling at a width equivalent to 320px
- horizontal scrolling at a height equivalent to 256px
Except for parts of the content which require 2D scrolling for usage or meaning
1.4.11
Non-text Contrast
AA
The visual presentation of the following have a contrast ratio of at least 3:1 against adjacent colours:
- UI components and their states, except where inactive or where the appearance is determined by the user agent and not modified by the author
- graphical objects, where parts are required to understand the content, except where the presentation is essential to the information being conveyed
1.4.12
Text Spacing
AA
Where the following properties can be set, no loss of content or functionality occurs by setting them all while changing no other style or property:
- line height at least 1.5x the font size
- spacing after paragraphs at least 2x the font size
- letter spacing at least 0.12 x the font size
- word spacing at least 0.16x the font size
1.4.13
Content on Hover or Focus
AA
Where pointer hover and/or keyboard focus controls display of additional content, the following are all true:
- dismissable: additional content can be dismissed without moving the pointer hover or keyboard focus (unless the additional content communicates an input error, or doesn’t obscure or replace other content)
- hoverable: if triggered by hover, the pointer can be moved over the additional content without the latter disappearing
- persistent: the additional content remains visible until the hover or focus state is removed, the user dismisses it (as above) or the information is no longer valid.
2.1.1
Keyboard
A
All functionality of the content is operable through a keyboard interface without requiring specific timings for keyboard strokes, except where the underlying function requires input that depends on the path of the user’s movement and not just the endpoints
2.1.2
No Keyboard Trap
A
If keyboard focus can be moved to a component, then focus can be moved away by keyboard, and if it requires more than unmodified arrow or tab keys or other standard exit methods, the user is advised of the method for moving the focus away.
2.1.3
Keyboard (No Exception)
AAA
All functionality of the content is operable through a keyboard interface without requiring specific timings for individual keystrokes.
2.1.4
Character Key Shortcuts
A
If a keyboard shortcut is implemented in content using only (upper- or lower-case) letter, punctuation, number, or symbol characters, then at least one of the following is true:
- the shortcut can be turned off
- the shortcut can be re-mapped to use one or more non-printable character keys (e.g. Ctrl, Alt)
- the keyboard shortcut for a UI component is only active when that component has focus
2.2.1
Timing Adjustable
A
For each time limit that is set by the content, at least one of the following is true:
- the user can turn off the time limit before encountering it
- the user can adjust the time limit upto 10x longer than the default
- the user is warned before the time expires and given at least 20 seconds to extend the limit by performing a simple action
- the time limit is part of a real-time event and no alternative or extension is possible
- the time limit is essential and extending it would invalidate the activity
- the time limit is >20hrs
2.2.2
Pause, Stop, Hide
A
For moving, blinking, scrolling, or auto-updating content that starts automatically, lasts more than 5 seconds, and is present in parallel with other content, there is a mechanism to pause, stop, or hide it (unless this behaviour is essential).
2.2.3
No Timing
AAA
Timing is not an essential part of the event or activity presented by the content, except for non-interactive synchronized media and real-time events.
2.2.4
Interruptions
AAA
Interruptions can be postponed of suppressed by the user, except interruptions involving an emergency.
2.2.5
Re-authenticating
AAA
When an authenticated session expires, the user can continue the activity without loss of data after re-authenticating.
2.2.6
Timeouts
AAA
Users are warned of the duration of any user inactivity that could cause data loss, unless the data is preserved for more than 20 hours when the user does not take any actions.
2.3.1
Three Flashes or Below Threshold
A
Web pages do not contain anything that flashes more than three times in any one-second period, or the flash is below the general flash and red flash thresholds.
2.3.2
Three Flashes
AAA
Web pages do not contain anything that flashes more than three times in any one-second period.
2.3.3
Animation from Interactions
AAA
Motion animation triggered by interaction can be disabled, unless the animation is essential to the functionality or the information being conveyed.
2.4.1
Bypass Blocks
A
A mechanism is available to bypass blocks of content that are repeated on multiple web pages.
2.4.2
Page Titled
A
Web pages have titles that describe topic or purpose.
2.4.3
Focus Order
A
If a web page can be navigated sequentially and the navigation sequences affect meaning or operation, focusable components receive focus in an order that preserves them.
2.4.4
Link Purpose (In Context)
A
The purpose of each link can be determined from the link text alone or from the link text together with its programmatically determined link context, except where the purpose of the link would be ambiguous to users in general.
2.4.5
Multiple Ways
AA
More than one way is available to locate a web page within a set of web pages, except where the web page is the result or or a step in a process.
2.4.6
Headings and Labels
AA
Headings and labels describe the topic or purpose.
2.4.7
Focus Visible
AA
Any keyboard-operable UI has a mode of operation where the keyboard focus indicator is visible.
2.4.8
Location
AAA
Information about the user’s location within a set of web pages is available.
2.4.9
Link Purpose (Link Only)
AAA
A mechanism is available to allow the purpose of each link to be identified from link text alone, except where the purpose of the link would be ambiguous to users in general.
2.4.10
Section Headings
AAA
Section headings are used to organize content.
2.5.1
Pointer Gestures
A
All functionality that uses multipoint or path-based gestures for operation can be operated with a single pointer without a path-based gesture, unless this is essential.
2.5.2
Pointer Cancellation
A
For functionality that can be operated using a single pointer, at least one of the following is true:
- the down event is not used to execute any part of the function
- completion is on the up event, and a mechanism is available to abort the function before completion, or to undo the function after completion
- the up event reverses the outcome of the down event
- completing the function on the down event is essential
2.5.3
Label in Name
A
For UI components with labels that include text or images of text, the name contains the text that is presented visually.
2.5.4
Motion Actuation
A
Functionality that can be activated by device motion or user motion can also be operated by UI components, and responding to the motion can be disabled to prevent accidental actuation, except when:
- the motion is used to operate functionality through an accessibility-supported interface
- the motion is essential for the function
2.5.5
Target Size
AAA
The size of the target for pointer inputs is at least 44x44px, except when:
- it is available through an equivalent link/control on the page that meets this size
- it is in a sentence or block of text
- the size of the target is determined by the UA and not modified by the author
- the presentation is essential to the information being conveyed
2.5.6
Concurrent Input Mechanisms
AAA
Web content does not restrict use of input modalities available on a platform, except where the restriction is essential, required to ensure the security of the content, or required to respect user settings.
3.1.1
Language of Page
A
The default human language of each web page can be programmatically determined.
3.1.2
Language of Parts
AA
The human language of each passage/phrase can be programmatically determined, except for proper names, technical terms, words of indeterminate language, and words/phrases that have become part of the vernacular of the immediately surrounding text.
3.1.3
Unusual Words
AAA
A mechanism is available for identifying specific definitions of words or phrases used in an unusual or restricted way, including idioms and jargon.
3.1.4
Abbreviations
AAA
A mechanism for identifying the expanded form or meaning of abbreviations is available.
3.1.5
Reading Level
AAA
When text requires reading ability more advanced than the lower secondary education level, supplemental content or a version that does not require that reading level is available.
3.1.6
Pronunciation
AAA
A mechanism is available for identifying specific pronunciation of words where the meaning of the words, in context, is ambiguous without knowing the pronunciation.
3.2.1
On Focus
A
When any UI component receives focus, it does not initiate a change of context.
3.2.2
On Input
A
Changing the setting of any UI component does not automatically cause a change of context, unless the user has been advised of the behaviour before using the component.
3.2.3
Consistent Navigation
AA
Navigational mechanisms that are repeated on multiple web pages within a set occur in the same relative order each time they are repeated, unless a change is initiated by the user.
3.2.4
Consistent Identification
AA
Components that have the same functionality within a set of web pages are identified consistently.
3.2.5
Change on Request
AAA
Changes of context are initiated only by user request or a mechanism is available to turn off such changes.
3.3.1
Error Identification
A
If an input error is automatically detected, the item that is in error is identified and the error is described to the user in text.
3.3.2
Labels or Instructions
A
Labels or instructions are provided when the content requires user input.
3.3.3
Error Suggestion
AA
If an input error is automatically detected and suggestions for correction are known, then the suggestions are provided to the user, unless it would jeopardize the security or purpose of the content.
3.3.4
Error Prevention (Legal, Financial, Data)
AA
For web pages that cause legal commitments or financial transactions for the user; that modify or delete stored user-controllable data; or that submit user test responses, at least one of the following is true:
- submissions are reversible
- data entered by the user is checked for input error and the user has an opportunity to correct them
- a mechanism is provided to reviewing, confirming, and correcting information before finalizing the submission
3.3.5
Help
AAA
Context-sensitive help is available.
3.3.6
Error Prevention (All)
AAA
For web pages that require the user to submit information, at least one of the following is true:
- submissions are reversible
- data entered by the user is checked for input error and the user has an opportunity to correct them
- a mechanism is provided to reviewing, confirming, and correcting information before finalizing the submission
4.1.1
Parsing
A
In content implemented using markup languages:
- elements have complete start and end tags
- elements are nested according to their specifications
- elements do not contain duplicate attributes
- any IDs are unique
except where the specifications allow these features
4.1.2
Name, Role, Value
A
For all UI components
- the name and role can be programmatically determined
- states, properties, and values that can be set by the user can be programmatically set
- notification of changes to these items is available to UAs, including ATs
4.1.3
Status Messages
AA
In content implemented using markup languages, status messages can be programmatically determined through role or properties such that they can be presented to the user by ATs without receiving focus.
