Interpreting WCAG

Question 1

What is meant by an alternative to time-based media? What are some examples?

Answer 1

A document including correctly-sequenced text descriptions of time-based visual/auditory information, providing a means for achieving the outcomes of any time-based interaction.
Examples:
- transcript
- a screenplay, if accurately representing the final/edited synchronized media

Question 2

What are some key differences between SC 1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded) and SC 1.2.3 Audio Description or Media Alternative (Prerecorded)

Question 3

What is meant by a user interface component?

Answer 3

A part of the content that is perceived by users as a single control for a distinct function.
a.k.a. “component” or “UI component”
e.g. form elements, links, buttons, and more complex “widgets”.

Question 4

What is meant by being accessibility supported?

Answer 4

Supported by users’ ATs and accessibility features in browsers/UAs.

1. The way that the web content technology is used must be supported by the users’ AT (tested for interoperability in the human language of the content)
2. The web content technology must have accessibility-supported UAs available to users:
   - supported natively in widely-distributed, accessibility-supported UAs (e.g. HTML, CSS), OR
   - supported in a widely-distributed, accessibility-supported plugin, OR
   - available in a closed environment (university, corporate) where required UA is accessibility-supported, OR
   - the supporting UA is available for download/purchase

Question 5

How is conformance level determined?

Answer 5

Conformance at any level means that the web page satisfies all SCs at that level and any lower level(s), or an alternate version that satisfies the level is provided.
AA satisfies A & AA,
AAA satisfies A, AA, & AAA

Question 6

T/F:
Conformance reports are encouraged to report any SCs of a higher level that are also met.

Answer 6

T. Any progress towards meeting SC from all levels beyond the conformance level is encouraged.

Question 7

T/F:
Conformance must be achieved for full web pages.

Answer 7

T. Conformance cannot be achieved if part of a web page is excluded*. A full page includes each variation of the page that is automatically presented by the page for various screen sizes.
* A statement of partial conformance, however, may be made.

Question 8

T/F:
A process can be evaluated for conformance in steps or sections.

Answer 8

F. When a web page is one of a series of steps in a process (e.g. a checkout), all of them must conform at the specified level or above.

Question 9

Which 4 SC must be applied to all content on the page, including content that is not otherwise relied upon to meet conformance, and why?

Answer 9

The following SC must be applied to the whole page because failure to meet them could interfere with any use of the page:
- 1.4.2 Audio Control
- 2.1.2 No Keyboard Trap
- 2.3.1 Three Flashes or Below Threshold
- 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide

Question 10

What are the required elements of a conformance claim?

Answer 10

1. Date of the claim
2. Guidelines title, version, and URI
3. Conformance level satisfied
4. A concise description of the web pages
5. A list of the web content technologies relied upon

Question 11

T/F
Using the conformance badge constitutes a conformance claim.

Answer 11

T. If a badge/logo is used, it constitutes a claim and must be accompanied by the required elements of a conformance claim.

Question 12

Under what conditions can a statement of partial conformance be made?

Answer 12

1. Third-Party Content: When additional content will be added by users, advertisers, or other third parties, it is impossible to know if that content will be conformant or affect the conformance of the controlled content.
2. Language: The page would conform is accessibility support existed for (all of) the language(s) used on the page.

Question 13

What is meant by a change of context?

Answer 13

Major changes in the web page that can disorient the user if made without their awareness and outside of their perception.
e.g. changes of user agent, viewport, focus, or content that changes the meaning of the web page.

Question 14

T/F:
The described techniques must be applied for conformance to WCAG 2.1.

Answer 14

F. The only requirement is meeting the WCAG 2.1 success criteria. The techniques are provided as information only.

Question 15

T/F:
If web content implements the sufficient techniques for a given criterion correctly and it is accessibility-supported for users, it conforms to the success criterion, and vice versa.

Answer 15

F. The statement is true, but the converse is not true: if content does not implement the sufficient techniques, it does not necessarily fail the success criteria.

Question 16

What is the purpose of advisory techniques?

Answer 16

They are suggested ways to improve accessibility, and may be helpful to some users. They are not designated as sufficient because:
- they may not be sufficient to satisfy all aspects of the criterion
- they may use technology that is not yet stable
- they may not work with all AT
- they may not be testable
- they may not always be applicable or practical
- they may not address the criterion itself, but provide related benefits

Question 17

What does ACT stand for?

Answer 17

Accessibility Conformance Testing

Question 18

T/F:
ACT Rules are complete success checks for success criteria.

Answer 18

F. ACT Rules are specific partial checks, are technology-specific, and check for failures only. Failing an ACT means failing a success criterion, but he reverse is not true.