WBCs Flashcards
discuss the general function of WBCs
- Engulfing and digesting the foreigner.
- Initiation of the immune response.
- Removal of injured or dead cells and help healing.
- Destruction of cancer cells
how does the WBCs work against cancer cell?
-Tumor cells produce proteins that are not normally produced by normal cells.
-T lymphocytes can recognize these antigens presented on the surface of
tumor cells, thereby mediating cancer regression.
list by which leucocytes achieve its function.
- Diapedesis.
- Ameboid motion.
- Chemotaxis.
- Phagocytosis
illustrate Diapedesis stage
1.The white blood cell leaves the blood stream to the tissues
2.This happens by interaction between endothelial cells and leukocytes
discuss Ameboid motion
it’s the movement of leucocytes which starts by protrusion of pseudopodium from one end,
then movement of the remainder of the cell towards this pseudopodium
what’s the importance of Chemotaxis stage ?
- It is the attraction of WBCs towards some chemical substances which include:
- Some of the bacterial or viral toxins
- Degenerative products of the inflamed tissues.
- Leukotrienes and polypeptides from WBCs (lymphocytes, mast cells and basophils)
- Several components of the “complement complex (C5a) “
what’s the meaning of Phagocytosis?
It is the ingestion of foreign particles &
microorganisms by WBCs
illustrate phagocytic mechanism
- Opsonization: coating of bacteria or virus by:
opsonin like Immunoglobulins (IGg) and some components of complement proteins (C3b) to render them tasty for phagocytes. - Binding:
of the coated bacteria to receptors on the cell membrane of neutrophil. - Pseudopodia
from neutrophils protrude around the bacteria and fuse to form a phagosome - Fusion
of lysosomes with the phagosome creates phagolysosome to digest bacteria. - Expulsion
of waste materials
Diapedesis, Ameboid movement,
Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis are evident in …………………….
NEUTROPHILS and MONOCYTES
about Neutrophils (microphages):
1.It is the…………… WBCs in the circulation.
2.Average half-life of the inactivated neutrophil in the circulation is …………
3.It is specialized in attacking………….
- most numerous
- 6 hours
- pyogenic bacteria
about Eosinophils
1.Mature eosinophils exhibit…….
2.They are known to target certain tissues such as skin, lungs, urinary tract & gastrointestinal tract where they defend against…………
3.Eosinophils are the first line of
defense against………. by ………..
4.Eosinophils secrete…………….
- diapedesis, chemotaxis & weak phagocytosis
- parasites.
- -parasites
-fusion and release of granules that
can kill the parasite - lysozymes
- reactive oxygen species
(O2, NO, H2O2, OH-) - interleukins
- leukotrienes
about Basophils
- Basophils are …………. in peripheral blood.
- They do not exhibit………..
- They bear membrane
receptors to ……….and are involved in…. - Release of ………. when activated.
- These mediators initiate
inflammation at the site of tissue injury to defend the body against the injurious agent (Inflammation is the
……………., and it is part of the ………..).
- Release of ………. when activated.
- Release of………….which prevents blood coagulation by acting a……………
-Heparin may also exert ……….
- Release of………….which prevents blood coagulation by acting a……………
- Basophils are involved in ……………. which range from ……………to ……..
- least common
- phagocytosis
- IgE
allergic reactions - histamine and other inflammatory
mediators - host response to tissue injury
- body non-specific immunity
- histamine and other inflammatory
- heparin
- cofactor for anti-thrombin III
- anti-inflammatory effects.
- type I hypersensitivity
- mild urticaria to severe anaphylactic
shock.
…………… is the antibody that causes allergic reaction
Ig E
Ig E become attached to(I)………. when it
reacts with its specific allergen leading to(II)……………………….with
subsequent release of …….. and other allergic mediators as:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I. basophils and mast cells
II. rupture of cytoplasmic granules of
mast cells and Basophils
III. - heparin
1- Histamine
2 - SRSA (Slow reacting substance of
anaphylaxis), known now as
leukotrienes
3 - Seretonin
4 - bradykinin
5 -Lysosomal enzymes
about Monocytes
I. Monocytes are …………….. blood cells
II. Its cytoplasm is rich in ……………..and they are professional ……………….
III.They circulate in the blood
for……… then migrate to
the tissues where they change
into ……………, whose life span is unknown.
IV. Tissue macrophages constitute the tissue macrophage system (Reticulo-endothelial system) which include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
I. the largest
II.lysosomes
phagocytic cells
III. - (72 hours )
- tissue macrophages
(large phagocytic cells)
IV.
1. Kupffer cells in the liver.
2. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM).
3.Microglia in the brain.
4. Bone osteoclasts.
