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physiology > blood groups > Flashcards

blood groups Flashcards

1
Q

what are blood groups?

A

classification of blood based on the presence or absence of Ag (agglutinogens) on the surface of RBCs

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2
Q

the most common system blood type classification is ………..

A

the ABO system

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3
Q

the most important and best known of agglutinogens are ……& ……

A

A&B (glycoprotein in nature)

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4
Q

list site of A& B agglutinogen are present in

A

in many tissues and secretions , other than blood :
salivary gland
saliva
pancreas
kidney
liver
lung
testes
semen amniotic fluid

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5
Q

-type A contain …..
-type B contain …..
- type AB contain…..
- type O contain ……

A

-A antigen
-B antigen
-both A&B antigen
-neither antigen

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6
Q

antibodies against RBCs agglutinogens are called …….and they are present in ………

A
  • agglutinins
  • plasma
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7
Q

agglutinins against A& B agglutinogen (Anti A & Anti B) occur naturally.
thus ,
type A individual develop ……
type B individual develop ……
type AB individuals develop….
type O individual develop…….

A
  • anti B antibodies
  • anti A antibodies
  • neither antibodies
  • both antibodies
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8
Q

antibodies in ……..
antigen in ……..

A
  • plasma
  • RBCs
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9
Q

antigen antibody reaction (agglutination) occur when ………

A

antigen and its corresponding antibody come together

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10
Q

the agglutinins attach themselves to the RBCs . because agglutinins have many binding sites , a single agglutinin can attach to …….this cause the cell to ……

A

-different red cells at the same time
- clump then plug small blood vessels then destroyed by phagocytic cells & RES releasing Hb

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11
Q

blood group A ,
agglutinogen …
agglutinins…..
prevalence …..

A

agglutinogen = A
agglutinins= anti B
prevalence = 41%

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12
Q

according to the ABO system , there are ……….groups/ types…..,…,…&…..

A

4
A,B,AB,O

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12
Q

blood group B,
agglutinogen …
agglutinins…..
prevalence …..

A

agglutinogen B
agglutinins = anti A
prevalence =10%

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13
Q

blood group AB ,
agglutinogen …
agglutinins…..
prevalence …..

A

agglutinogen = A& B
agglutinins = none
prevalence = 4%

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14
Q

blood group O ,
agglutinogen …
agglutinins…..
prevalence …..

A

agglutinogen = none
agglutinins = anti A & anti B
prevalence = 45%

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15
Q

agglutination occurs between ……of donor & ……of recipient’s

A

Ag (antigen)
Ab (antibodies)

16
Q

type ….of blood donor can give to A, B, & AB

A

O

17
Q

type …….plasma can be transfused to individual of any blood group, but type ……patient can only receive type AB plasma

A

AB
AB

18
Q

type …..plasma can receive from any group , but type ….plasma can be used only by type o recipient

A

O

19
Q

in Rh system …..is the most important antigenic component

A

D

20
Q

what’s the meaning of Rh +ve?

A

the individual has agglutinogen-D
85%-90% of population

21
Q

what’s the meaning of Rh -ve?

A

the individual has no D antigen and forms the anti D agglutinin when injected with D +ve cells

22
Q

list importance of blood group

A
  1. insure compatible blood transfusion
  2. used in pre marriage counseling to avoid Rh incompatibility
23
Q

the hemolytic disease of the new born is ……………

A

erythroblastosis fetalis

24
Q

what’s the cause of erythroblastosis fetalis ?

A

Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus blood . it occur when Rh negative mother carries a Rh positive fetus

25
Q

during the labor of the first baby , small amount of fetal blood pass into the …………………. leading to formation of ………………… in mother’s circulation during the postpartum period (mother become………)

A
  • maternal circulation
    -anti-Rh agglutinins
  • sensitized
26
Q

if the fetus blood is ………. , this results in agglutination and then hemolysis of fetus red cells

A

Rh-positive

27
Q

the first baby is usually ………..(illustrate)

A

-normal
- because sensitization of Rh negative mother carrying a Rh positive fetus generally occurs at birth

28
Q

if the hemolysis is sever, the infant may …………

A

die inside the mother uterus (intrauterine death)

29
Q

less severe form causes ……

A

-hemolysis of fetus RBCs causing anemia and inc bilirubin resulting in sever jaundice& edema of fetus (hydrops fetalis)

30
Q

if the bilirubin conc is very high it deposited in …..

A

basal ganglia causing brain damage (kernicterus)

31
Q

how to prevent the erythroblastosis fetalis ?

A

-to prevent sensitization of Rh negative mother, she’s given a single dose of anti-Rh antibodies (anti-D immunoglobulin) in the 1st 48 hrs after delivery starting from 1st delivery
- also be careful when giving blood transfusion to females (even very young girls) who may be Rh negative and are transfused with Rh positive blood

32
Q

ttt of erythroblastosis fetalis

A
  • exchange transfusion, so replacing the newborn’s blood with Rh-ve blood

physiology (9 decks)

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