WBC TEST#3

Question 1

What are Neutrophils?

Answer 1

First responders to infections; perform phagocytosis of bacteria.

Question 2

What are Lymphocytes?

Answer 2

Key to adaptive immunity; B cells produce antibodies, T cells mediate cellular immunity, and NK cells target infected cells.

Question 3

What are Monocytes?

Answer 3

Largest WBC; differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells for phagocytosis and antigen presentation.

Question 4

What are Eosinophils?

Answer 4

Defend against parasites and play a role in allergic reactions.

Question 5

What are Basophils?

Answer 5

Release histamine and other mediators in allergic responses.

Question 6

What are Granulocytes?

Answer 6

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils (contain granules).

Question 7

What are Agranulocytes?

Answer 7

Lymphocytes, Monocytes (lack granules).

Question 8

Which WBC is the most common?

Answer 8

Neutrophils.

Question 9

Which WBC is the smallest?

Answer 9

Lymphocytes.

Question 10

Which WBC is the biggest?

Answer 10

Monocytes.

Question 11

Which WBC is the least common?

Answer 11

Basophils.

Question 12

What causes increased Eosinophils?

Answer 12

Parasitic infections, allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, certain cancers (e.g., Hodgkin’s lymphoma).

Question 13

What do B Lymphocytes do?

Answer 13

Produce antibodies; involved in humoral immunity.

Question 14

What do T Lymphocytes do?

Answer 14

Mediate cellular immunity; cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells, helper T cells assist in immune response.

Question 15

What are the functions of Neutrophils?

Answer 15

Phagocytosis of bacteria and fungi.

Question 16

What are the functions of Lymphocytes?

Answer 16

Adaptive immunity (B cells – antibody production, T cells – cell-mediated immunity).

Question 17

What are the functions of Monocytes?

Answer 17

Become macrophages, present antigens, and perform phagocytosis.

Question 18

What are the functions of Eosinophils?

Answer 18

Combat parasites, regulate allergic responses.

Question 19

What are the functions of Basophils?

Answer 19

Release histamine in allergic reactions.

Question 20

What are common toxic changes in WBCs?

Answer 20

Dohle bodies, toxic granulation, cytoplasmic vacuolation.

Question 21

Which WBC is most affected by toxic changes?

Answer 21

Neutrophils.

Question 22

What is the minimum requirement for toxicity in WBCs?

Answer 22

At least 2 features must be present.

Question 23

How is WBC count typically measured?

Answer 23

Automated hematology analyzers typically measure it.

Question 24

How is a manual WBC count performed?

Answer 24

Using a hemocytometer with dilution factors.

Question 25

What is a WBC differential count?

Answer 25

Identifies the percentage of each type of WBC in a blood smear; helps diagnose infections, leukemia, and immune disorders.

Question 26

How is the absolute leukocyte number calculated?

Answer 26

Multiply the total WBC count by the percentage of each WBC type in the differential.

Question 27

What are the neutrophil storage pools?

Answer 27

Bone marrow pools: Mitotic, Postmitotic, and Storage pools; Blood pools: Circulating and Marginal pools.

Question 28

What is the difference between the innate and adaptive immune system?

Answer 28

Innate: Non-specific, first line of defense (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages, skin); Adaptive: Specific, involves memory (B & T cells).

Question 29

What are examples of innate immunity?

Answer 29

Skin and mucous barriers, phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages), Natural Killer (NK) cells, complement system.

Question 30

What is active immunity?

Answer 30

Body produces its own antibodies (e.g., vaccination, infection recovery).

Question 31

What is passive immunity?

Answer 31

Antibodies are transferred (e.g., maternal antibodies, immunoglobulin therapy).

Question 32

What are examples of passive immunity?

Answer 32

Maternal antibodies (placenta or breast milk), antiserum injections (e.g., rabies, tetanus).

Question 33

What is a disadvantage of passive immunity?

Answer 33

Short-lived; no memory cells are generated.

Question 34

What are three immune system abnormalities?

Answer 34

Autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis), immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV/AIDS, SCID), hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., allergies, anaphylaxis).

Question 35

How is a manual WBC count calculated?

Answer 35

Average counts from hemocytometer grids: (56+54+55+52)/4 = 54.25; (55+52+52+50)/4 = 52.25; Total WBC count = (54.25 + 52.25) / 2 × dilution factor.

Question 36

How are absolute WBC values calculated?

Answer 36

Multiply total WBC count by the percentage of each WBC type: Neutrophils: 75% of total WBC; Monocytes: 10% of total WBC; Lymphocytes: 10% of total WBC; Eosinophils: 5% of total WBC.

Question 37

Hb=

Answer 37

PCV/3=__ g/dL **Not Exact**

Question 38

MCV=

Answer 38

PCV/RBCx10= __ fL

Question 39

MCH=

Answer 39

HB/RBCx10=__ pg

Question 40

MCHC=

Answer 40

HB/PCVx100=__ g/dL