WBC TEST#3 Flashcards
What are Neutrophils?
First responders to infections; perform phagocytosis of bacteria.
What are Lymphocytes?
Key to adaptive immunity; B cells produce antibodies, T cells mediate cellular immunity, and NK cells target infected cells.
What are Monocytes?
Largest WBC; differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells for phagocytosis and antigen presentation.
What are Eosinophils?
Defend against parasites and play a role in allergic reactions.
What are Basophils?
Release histamine and other mediators in allergic responses.
What are Granulocytes?
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils (contain granules).
What are Agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes, Monocytes (lack granules).
Which WBC is the most common?
Neutrophils.
Which WBC is the smallest?
Lymphocytes.
Which WBC is the biggest?
Monocytes.
Which WBC is the least common?
Basophils.
What causes increased Eosinophils?
Parasitic infections, allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, certain cancers (e.g., Hodgkin’s lymphoma).
What do B Lymphocytes do?
Produce antibodies; involved in humoral immunity.
What do T Lymphocytes do?
Mediate cellular immunity; cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells, helper T cells assist in immune response.
What are the functions of Neutrophils?
Phagocytosis of bacteria and fungi.
What are the functions of Lymphocytes?
Adaptive immunity (B cells – antibody production, T cells – cell-mediated immunity).
What are the functions of Monocytes?
Become macrophages, present antigens, and perform phagocytosis.
What are the functions of Eosinophils?
Combat parasites, regulate allergic responses.
What are the functions of Basophils?
Release histamine in allergic reactions.
What are common toxic changes in WBCs?
Dohle bodies, toxic granulation, cytoplasmic vacuolation.
Which WBC is most affected by toxic changes?
Neutrophils.
What is the minimum requirement for toxicity in WBCs?
At least 2 features must be present.
How is WBC count typically measured?
Automated hematology analyzers typically measure it.
How is a manual WBC count performed?
Using a hemocytometer with dilution factors.
What is a WBC differential count?
Identifies the percentage of each type of WBC in a blood smear; helps diagnose infections, leukemia, and immune disorders.
How is the absolute leukocyte number calculated?
Multiply the total WBC count by the percentage of each WBC type in the differential.
What are the neutrophil storage pools?
Bone marrow pools: Mitotic, Postmitotic, and Storage pools; Blood pools: Circulating and Marginal pools.
What is the difference between the innate and adaptive immune system?
Innate: Non-specific, first line of defense (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages, skin); Adaptive: Specific, involves memory (B & T cells).
What are examples of innate immunity?
Skin and mucous barriers, phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages), Natural Killer (NK) cells, complement system.
What is active immunity?
Body produces its own antibodies (e.g., vaccination, infection recovery).
What is passive immunity?
Antibodies are transferred (e.g., maternal antibodies, immunoglobulin therapy).
What are examples of passive immunity?
Maternal antibodies (placenta or breast milk), antiserum injections (e.g., rabies, tetanus).
What is a disadvantage of passive immunity?
Short-lived; no memory cells are generated.
What are three immune system abnormalities?
Autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis), immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV/AIDS, SCID), hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., allergies, anaphylaxis).
How is a manual WBC count calculated?
Average counts from hemocytometer grids: (56+54+55+52)/4 = 54.25; (55+52+52+50)/4 = 52.25; Total WBC count = (54.25 + 52.25) / 2 × dilution factor.
How are absolute WBC values calculated?
Multiply total WBC count by the percentage of each WBC type: Neutrophils: 75% of total WBC; Monocytes: 10% of total WBC; Lymphocytes: 10% of total WBC; Eosinophils: 5% of total WBC.
Hb=
PCV/3=__ g/dL
Not Exact
MCV=
PCV/RBCx10= __ fL
MCH=
HB/RBCx10=__ pg
MCHC=
HB/PCVx100=__ g/dL
