test#2 platyhelminthes & protozoa Flashcards
cestoides
tapeworms
trematodes
flukes
indirect life cycles
- may involve one or more intermediate hosts
-bladderworms
-definitive host is infected by ingesting bladderworm inside an intermediate host
eucestoda
true tapeworms
cotyloda
pseudotapeworms
order eucestoda info
-segmented worms proglottids
-1st segment is the scolex
-has 2-4 acetabula (suckers may have hooks)
-some species have a rostellum
- the body is known as strobili( (segmented)
-unarmed scolex= lacking a rostellum
-mature proglottids along the body can mate with other proglottids of the same worm or can self-fertiize
eucestoda life cycle
-only gravid uterus is left..
-hexacanth embryo
-released in feces
- segments in environment are still living (often can move)
-dry up, crack, release eggs
pyriform apparatus type
egg with 3 coverings, the innermost is pear shaped
dipylidium
packet containing multiple hexacanths within one egg
taenia type
wide outer shell with a thicker outer covering & a 6 hooked hexacanth within the egg
pseudophyllidean type
ressemble the ancyclostoma egg, however it has an operculum at one end
what happens after the eggs are ingested by the intermediate host
-developinto metacestode (laval) stage
-this stage may be in the forrm of a :
~ cysticercoid
~ cysticercus
~ coenurus
~ hydatid cyst
~ tetrathyridium
-definitive host becomes infected after ingesting the intermediate host containing the larva
true tapeworms (4)
-dipylidium caninum
-taenia spp
-echinococcus spp
-mesocestoides
Pseudotapeworms (2)
-spirometra spp
-diphyllobothrium latum
dipylidium caninum : intermediate host
infect adult fleas in cysticercoid (metacestode stage)
Taenia ovis, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia hydatigena: intermediate host
rabbits or ruminants (depending on species)
what happens after a (Taenia ovis, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia hydatigena) larva
migrates outside of the digestive tract:
attach themselves to the greater omentum or abdominal organs and encapsulate themselves into a fluid-filled bladder (called a cysticercus)
Taenia taeniaeformis: intermediate host
rabbits or rodents
Echinococcus granulosusEchinococcus multicularis: intermediate host
ruminant, rodent, human (hydatid cyst disease)
granulosis
single,thick-capsuled cyst
multicularis
can have multiple cysts, thin membrane
mesocestoides spp: 2 intermediate host
- oribatid mite
- rats & mice
only true tapeworm that uses two intermediate hosts
Moniezia spp: intermediate host
ruminants ( cattle,sheep & goats)
equine tapeworms: intermediate host
oribatid grain mites
taenia saginata: intermediate host
cattle (human tapeworm)
beef measles
taenia solium: intermediate host
pigs (human tapeworm)
what are protozoans
- single-cell organisms
sarcomastogophora
move via flagellum or pseudopods
apicomplexa
move via undulatory ridges
ciliphora
move via cilia
trophozoite
motile, feeding stage of a protozoan
Cyst
an environmentally resistant form that shows very little activity, until it comes into more favorable conditions.
stage that can be passed onto a new host
subphylum mastigophora
flagellates
superclass sarcodina
amoeba
phyla apicomplexans
-most diverse & complicated group
-found within cells of the intestinal lining, or blood cells
-cyst stage is called an oocyst
phyla ciliphora
- covered with tiny short cilia over most of their bod surface
-also have trophozoite & cyst stages
what is used to find cysts on standard flotation
-zinc zulfate
-sheather sugar solution
-ELISA tests
balantidium coli: transmission
mainly associated with pigs
zoonotic
cystoisospora spp: transmission
ingestion of oocysts
NOT zoonotic
fecal oral route
what is auto-infection/ super infection
oocysts that are released never make it into the environment in the feces, but instead infect the same host in which they reside without leaving.
where do oocysts reproduce
within the intestinal cell until the cell bursts open
Toxoplasma gondii: transmission
ingestion of sporulated oocysts
zoonotic
intende host is cat
toxoplasma gondii: life cycle
-bradyzoites emerge from oocyst and enter macrophages
- blood stream distributes parasite throughout the tissues or the body
-asexually replicate to cysts
- the cysts remain in tissues
cryptosporidium spp: transmission
ingestion of oocysts
zoonotic
most significant in young calves
cryptosporidium spp
-fecal oral route
-can be picked up in infected soil, vegetation, water…
-release oocysts in feces
tiniest of the protozoan parasites
sarcocystis spp: transmission
Ingestion of muscle of horses, pigs, and ruminants
NOT zoonotic
eimeria spp: transmission
ingestion of oocysts
NOT zonotic
species specific
can be significant in rabbits
trypanosoma spp: tranmission
ingestion of intermediate host, reduviid bug, or feces of reduviid bug left on mucus membranes of the final host
extracellular
zoonotic*
leishmania spp: trransmission
bite by infective intermediate host (sand flies)
zoonotic
hemoprotozoan
babesia spp: transmission
bit of an infective tic
NOT zoonotic
intracellular parasite of dogs
lives and multiplies in red bloood cells
tritrichomona foetus: transmission
sexual
NOT zoonotic
causes a STD that affects fertility and causes spontaneous abortion and pyometra
-only a trophozoite form
-in recent years has been recognized in cats as a possible cause of chronic diarrhea( infects intestinal tract
rickettsial parasites
group of obligate intracellular gram- negative bacteria
rickettsiaceae genera include:(3)
rickettsia
orientia
coxiella
anaplasmataceae genera include: (4)
anaplasma
ehrlichia
wolbachia
neorickettsia
