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heme > WBC's Lake > Flashcards

WBC's Lake Flashcards

1
Q

WBC have what 2 functions

A
  1. destroy invaders and abnormal cells

2. clean debris (eg injury repair)

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2
Q

Myelocytic maturation series

A

myeloblast -> promyelocyte -> myelocyte -> metamyelocyte -> band neutrophil -> segmented neutrophil (B12 and Folate deficiency)

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3
Q

GM-CSF

A

granulocytes: BEN
Monocytes
Cell Stimulating Factor

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4
Q

G-CSF

A

Neutrophils stimulation and also cell proliferation and differentiation and maturation

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5
Q

where does the reticulocyte mature?

A

in the stroma

loses RNA before entering BVs as RBC

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6
Q

what part of the megakaryocyte becomes platelets?

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

Nuclear altered cell morphology

A

pelger-huet (hyposegmentation of neutrophils)

hypersegmentation

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8
Q

cytoplasmic altered cell morphology DUE TO SEVERE BACTERIAL INFECTION

A

gaucher
niemann-pick
toxic granulation
dohle bodies = may-heglin blue inclusion

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9
Q

cytoplasmic altered cell morphology

A 
alder-reilly
chediak-higashi (elf ppl)
may hegglin
mucopolysacchridoses
necrobiosis
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10
Q

increase in banded neutrophils

A

Left Shift

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11
Q

Pelger-huet is an example of ___segmentation of neutrophils

A

hypo

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12
Q

large, coarse, purple, azurophilic granules are found in ___-____ anomaly

A

Alder-Reilly

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13
Q

6 types of morphologic changes in WBC

A 
left shift
hypersegmentation
hyposegmentation
toxic granulation
vacuolization
dohle bodies
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14
Q

normal amt of PMNs and what are PMNs?

A

50-70%

segmented neutrophils

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15
Q

2nd most leukocytes?

A

lymphocytes: 20-40%

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16
Q

normal amt of WBC in CBC

A

4-12,000 cells/uL

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17
Q

coulter principle uses what to measures what?

A

uses electrical impedance: resistance/change in current-NaCl soln

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18
Q

Flow Cytometry uses what to measure what?

A

uses lasers: measures forward scatter-size, side scatter-complexity/granularity (how full is it?)

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19
Q

hypersegmentation occurs in what situations?

A

megaloblastic, B12/Folate/Iron deficiency

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20
Q

more than 3 cells with 5 lobes OR 1 cell with 6 lobes/100 cells = ___segmentation also known as ___ ___

A

hypersegmentation = right shift

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21
Q

Hyposegmentation: how many lobes and nucleus is what?

A
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22
Q
  • Sepsis
  • impaired cytoplasmic maturation
  • high basophilic granules in neutrophils
A

Toxic Granulation

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23
Q

neutrophil cytoplasm filled with ____ = aid in Dx of Septicemia

A

vacuolization

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24
Q

systemic disease caused by multiplying microorganisms in systemic blood “blood poisoning” = ??

A

Septicemia

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25
Q

quantitative = MACRO changes = change in cell ____ both __ and __

A

Number

  • absolute
  • relative %
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26
Q

Qualitative = MICRO changes = change in cell ___ both __ and __

A

Morphology

  • nucleus
  • cytoplasm
27
Q

Penia & Philia think:

A

quantitative

28
Q

Congenital and Acquired think:

A

Fxn Disorders = qualitative

29
Q

WBC disorder pathophysiology effects (3)

A
  • demargination (double #)
  • Release early from BM (left shfit)
  • Increased production (neutrophilia)
30
Q

what causes WBC pathophysiology

A
  • stress (pseudoneutrophilia)
  • acute inflammation
  • chronic infection
31
Q

If you see Left Shift Think:

A

Acute inflammation

32
Q

Neutrophilia defining features

A
  • left shift

- Toxic Granules (dohle, vacuoles, intra-cellular microbes)

33
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum containing RNA = ?

***represent localized failure of maturation

A

Dohle bodies

34
Q

Dohle bodies found in what situations?

A 
infection (bacteria/parasite)
poisoning
burns
chemotherapy
neoplastic disease
myeloproliferative Ds
preggo
35
Q

physical stimuli -> neutrophilia

A

cold/heat/exercise, pain, period, ovulate, labor/preggo, trauma/gout/infarcts, nausea, vomit, smoking

36
Q

emotional stimuli -> neutrophilia

A

fear/panic
elation/joy/excited
anger/depressed/anxious

37
Q

Rx -> neutrophilia

A

epinephrine
steroids
lithium (depression)
venom/poison/toxin

38
Q

metabolic -> neutrophilia

A

ketoacidosis
uremia
eclampsia (preg HTN)
thyrotoxicosis

39
Q

which race = neutropenia?

A

african & middle eastern

40
Q

Rx -> neutropenia

A

BM ablative therapy

41
Q

Infection -> neutropenia

A

HIV/Hep
Typhoid/TB
malaria

42
Q

Autoimmune Ds -> neutropenia

A

SLE

43
Q

BM failure (anemia types)-> neutropenia

A

megaloblastic and aplastic anemia

44
Q

Neutropenia pathophysiology = decreased what?

A
  • proliferation (aplasia)
  • maturation (precursor prob)
  • survival (destruction/removal too fast)
  • distribution (normal stores, can’t transport)
45
Q

circulating T cell ratio of Th to Tc

A

2:1 = CD4:CD8

46
Q

viral and bacterial causes of lymphocytosis are???

A

viral: infectious mono & CMV
Bacterial: bordatella pertussis

47
Q

meds -> lymphocytosis

A

dilantin and Rx

48
Q

neoplasm -> lymphocytosis

A

leukemia

lymphoma

49
Q

lymphopenia: low production

A
  • SCID
  • Protein-calorie malnutrition
  • Zinc defic
50
Q

lymphopenia: high destruction

A

HIV
Radiation
Chemo
SLE

51
Q

Lymphopenia; redistribution

A 
glucocorticoids
anesthesia
TB
Flu
Burns
hemolytic anemias
52
Q

2 heme Ds that -> monocytosis

A

leukemia

lymphoma

53
Q

2 infections that -> monocytosis

A

TB

SBE

54
Q

FUO
GI Ds
Collagen Vascular Ds
make you think of???

A

Monocytosis

55
Q

eosinophilia seen in?

A
  • acute allergies (rhinitis/asthma)
  • parasite
  • TB
  • Skin Ds (eczema/psoriasis)
  • neoplasm
  • Autimmune Ds
56
Q

Basophilia seen in?

A
  • CML: chronic myelogenous leukemia
  • PV: polycythemia vera
  • Allergies
  • inflammatory Ds: hypersensitivity to Rx, food, inhalants
  • Irradiation and Carcinomas
  • Viral infxn
57
Q

> 12,000/uL white cells

A

leukocytosis

58
Q
A

Leukopenia

59
Q

> immature neutrophils (banded neutrophils)

A

Left Shift

60
Q

metamyelocytes and myelocytes are forms of Immature ____ cells

A

Neutrophils

61
Q

neoplastic process

A

leukemia/lymphoma

***DIFFERENT from leukocytosis

62
Q

bacterial infection think:

A

neutrophilia

63
Q

allergies/parasites/TB think:

A

Eosinophilia

64
Q

Viral infections think:

A

NeutroPENIA

Lymphocytosis

heme (6 decks)

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