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pathophysiology of hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Step 1 of hemostasis occurs through ___ ____

A

vascular spasm

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2
Q

endothelium and platelets release what during an injury?

A

TXA2, serotonin, endothelin 1

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3
Q

pain reflex is a part of Step ___?

A

1

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4
Q

Step 2 of hemostasis is ___ ____ formation

A

platelet plug

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5
Q

T or F: platelet plug formation is a part of secondary hemostasis?

A

FALSE: it’s primary hemostasis

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6
Q

injury to the vascular endothelium induces

A

Von Willebrand factor to be released

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7
Q

VWF release induces

A

platelets to be activated (potato chip to thorny things)

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8
Q

activated platelets induces

A

ptns on platelets to bind w/ fibrinogen and become a mesh

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9
Q

fibrinogen/platelet mesh lasts for how long?

A

12-24 hrs

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10
Q

T or F: platelets have glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, coagulation proteins, and a nucleus

A

FALSE: they have everything but NO nucleus

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11
Q

Glycoproteins on Platelets are:

A

GP2b, GP3a

***these bind to fibrinogen and bridge platelets to one another

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12
Q

platelet life span

A

8-12 days

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13
Q

platelets contain:

A 
serotonin
Ca++
ADP
PDGF
TXA2
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14
Q

What regulates Platelet production and where is it produced?

A

TPO: thrombopoietin

liver, kidney, smooth m., BM

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15
Q

platelet aggregation at injury site induces the release of what granules?

A

ADP and TXA2

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16
Q

platelet plug formation is defective IF:

A
  • low platelets
  • low VWF
  • RX: aspirin -> inhibits TXA2 & Clopidrogel -> inhibits ADP
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17
Q

what is stpe 3 of hemostasis

A

Coagulation: secondary hemostasis

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18
Q

what happens in secondary hemostasis?

A

Clotting pathway is activated by the SPARK: tissue factor III in Extrinsic Pathway:

  • defect in vessel endothelium
  • disruption in vessel wall
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19
Q

Intrinsic Pathway’s VIP

A

hageman factor 12
factors 8,9,11
Ca++

20
Q

what does Calcium do

A

activate clotting factors

21
Q

how is the intrinsic pathway initiated?

A

exposed collagen in vessel (SPARK) –> induces catalyst to activate factor 12: Hageman factor

22
Q

Extrinsic Pathway’s VIP

A

Factor 3, 7

Ca++

23
Q

TF is activated by what?

A

inflammatory cytokines
cell injury
vessel injury (bleeding into tissues)

24
Q

Common pathway starts with ____ and ends with ____

A

Factor 10

Fibrin mesh

25
Key players in Common Pathway
Prothrombin -> Thrombin Fibrinogen -> Fibrin Factor 13 inducing bridges between Fibrin Fibrin Glue platelets together
26
Normal clot forms in:
3-6 MINUTES
27
what is clot retraction?
platelets contract and draw BV edges back together
28
What process regulates clots?
fibrinolysis | ***removes clots as BV heals
29
When does fibrinolysis occur?
2 days w/in clot formation
30
2 ways that Rx prevent clots
- activate plasminogen -> plasmin | - prevent clotting factors -> prevent clot from forming
31
AT present in body and activated by ____
thrombin
32
Plasminiogen is activated by
Tissue Plasminogen Activator tPA Factor 12: Hageman Thrombin
33
What are Clot breakers and where are they made?
tPA and urokinase | liver, plasma, endothelium
34
tPA and Factor 12 release stimulated by what?
vasoactive Rx venous occlusion (BV tone) increased body temp exercise
35
What does Plasmin do?
digest fibrin clot to break it up
36
what limit's clot growth?
Antithrombin 3: inactivates thrombin and Factor 10 Ptn C: inactivates Factors 5 and 8 Ptn. S upregulates Ptn. C Heparin: anti-cooag
37
What does Vit. K do?
symthesis of clotting factor 2, 7, 9, 10, Ptn. C, and prothrombin
38
What does the liver synthesize?
All clotting factors except 3 and 12???
39
Plasminiogen is activated by
Tissue Plasminogen Activator tPA Factor 12: Hageman Thrombin
40
What are Clot breakers and where are they made?
tPA and urokinase | liver, plasma, endothelium
41
tPA and Factor 12 release stimulated by what?
vasoactive Rx venous occlusion (BV tone) increased body temp exercise
42
What does Plasmin do?
digest fibrin clot to break it up
43
what limit's clot growth?
Antithrombin 3: inactivates thrombin and Factor 10 Ptn C: inactivates Factors 5 and 8 Ptn. S upregulates Ptn. C Heparin: anti-cooag
44
What does Vit. K do?
symthesis of clotting factor 2, 7, 9, 10, Ptn. C, and prothrombin
45
What does the liver synthesize?
All clotting factors except 3 and 12???

heme (6 decks)

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