heme lab tests

Question 1

what is in a cbc?

Answer 1

RBC, Hb, HCT, Red Cell Indices

Question 2

what are rbc indices?

Answer 2

mcv, mch, mchc, rdw

Question 3

lab eval of RBC/erythropoiesis?

Answer 3

CBC, morphology, reticulocyte count, bone marrow aspiration/biopsy

Question 4

normal RBC values

Answer 4

male: 4.7-6.1 million cells/micro Liter
female: 4.2-5.4 million cells/micro Liter

Question 5

RBC count decreases with

Answer 5

anemia
internal bleed
hemolysis
menorrhagia

Question 6

what types of anemia decrease RBC?

Answer 6

hemorrhage
sickle cell
dietary deficiency

Question 7

RBC count increases with:

Answer 7

Too many RBCs made
Fluid Loss (low Blood volume) = false elevation

Question 8

what increases RBC production?

Answer 8

high altitude

pregnancy

Question 9

what induces fluid loss and RBC false elevation?

Answer 9

diarrhea
dehydration
burns

Question 10

normal levels of Hb: newborn, female, male

Answer 10

baby: 14-20g/dL
mom: 12-16g/dL
dad: 13.5-18g/dL

Question 11

what do hypo/hyper chromatic mean?

Answer 11

hypochromatic: less RBC = less red

hyperchromatic = high RBCs = more red

Question 12

what decreases Hb?

Answer 12

anemia
hemorrhage
nutritional deficiency
renal disease
cancer
pregnancy
antibiotics, ASA, sulfonamides: Rx

Question 13

what increases Hb and Hct?

Answer 13

polycythemia vera (BM dz)
COPD (low O2)
eclampsia (HTN in preg)
CHF
high altitude
burns/dehydration

Question 14

HCT normal

Answer 14

woman: 37-47%
man: 42-52%

Question 15

HCT decreases with

Answer 15

diet deficiency
leukemia
cirrhosis
hyperthyroidism

Question 16

in an emergency/trauma trust ____ ___ rather than the Hct

Answer 16

heart rate

Question 17

normal MCH

Answer 17

27-32 pg

Question 18

values for MCHC (Hb per RBC)

Answer 18

normochromic: 32-36%
hypochromic:

Question 19

microcytic anemias are typically ____chromic

Answer 19

hypochromic

Question 20

what anemias are hyperchromic?

Answer 20

NONE! max Hb is 37 g/dL so you can’t fit more into a RBC duhhhh

Question 21

RDW normal range is:

Answer 21

11.5-14.5%

Question 22

what can fuck with RDW?

Answer 22

IDA/B12/Folate
Sickle Cell
Hemolytic A.
Post-hemorrhagic A

Question 23

Thalicemia has a ____ to ____ RDW

Answer 23

low to normal (but mostly normal)

Question 24

discocytes are?

Answer 24

normal RBCs

Question 25

normochromic, normocytric, polychromatophilic describe cell ____ which is proportional to ____ concentration

Answer 25

color

Hb

Question 26

normo/micro/macro-cytic, anisocytosis describe cell ____

Answer 26

size

Question 27

____ describes cell shape

Answer 27

pokilocytosis

Question 28

what causes aplastic anemia and gray baby syndrome?

Answer 28

Rx Chloramphenicol

Question 29

Retic count Normal values:

Answer 29

baby: 2.5-6.5%
adult: up to 1.5%

Question 30

BM biopsy is used to evaluate ____ and it is taken from the _____ ____ ____

Answer 30

hematopoiesis

posterior iliac crest