WBC/Platelet Diseases Flashcards
HIV Selectively targets & destroys which cells?
CD4 T-cells (helper cells) or lymphocytes
Normal CDT count?
600-1200
a person’s immune system is considered severely weakened when the CDT count drops below what level?
200
a person is diagnosed with AIDS when the CDT count drops below what level?
200, even if they have not become sick from other infections
AIDS usually takes how long to develop from the time a person acquires HIV?
usually between 2 to 10 years or more.
(T/F) Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, she or he is always considered to have AIDS, even if that person’s CD4 count goes up again and/or they recover from the disease that defined their AIDS diagnosis?
True
Clinical Manifestations of AIDS in Neonates?
asymptomatic at birth
(T/F) Interval from HIV infection to onset of AIDS is shorter in children than adults?
True
Non-specific findings in children with HIV?
- Lymphadenopathy
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Oral candidiasis
- Failure to thrive
- Weight loss
- Diarrhea
- Chronic eczema/dermatitis
- Fever
HIV/AIDS Therapeutic Management (Infants)?
- aimed at preventing spread of HIV from mother
- Mother should be placed on ART
- Prophylaxis against PCP
- Monitor labs
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders that result from deficiencies of specific clotting factors
Hemophilia
Hemophilia
- A group of hereditary bleeding disorders that result from deficiencies of specific clotting factors
- Almost exclusively a male disease and female carriers
Types of Hemophilia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Hemophilia A
- Classic hemophilia
- Deficiency of factor VIII
- Most common type
Hemophilia B
- Also known as Christmas disease
- Caused by deficiency of factor IX
Hemophilia – Clinical Manifestations
- Bleeding tendencies range from mild to severe
- Symptoms may not occur until 6 months of age
- Hemarthrosis
- Ecchymosis (easy bruising)
- Nose bleeds
- Bleeding after procedures
Symptoms of Female carriers of Hemophilia?
- Usually no symptoms of the disease
- May have prolonged bleeding
Hemophilia – Diagnostics
- Can be diagnosed through amniocentesis
- Genetic testing of family members to determine carriers
Hemophilia Labs
- low levels of clotting factors, prolonged PTT
- May have normal platelet count, PT & fibrinogen
Hemophilia – Therapeutic Management
- DDAVP
- Replace missing clotting factors
- Transfusions
- At home with prompt intervention to decrease complications
- Following major or minor hemorrhages
DDAVP
- Causes 2 to 4 times increase in factor VIII activity
- Used for mild hemophilia
Hemophilia – Nursing Management
- Manage pain
- Ensure physical mobility after a joint bleed
- Education on weight control to minimize joint stress
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
- Increased destruction of platelets
- bone marrow production of platelets is generally normal
- Considered an autoimmune disorder
- Increased destruction of platelets
- Even though bone marrow production of platelets is generally normal
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
Clinical manifestations of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?
- Ecchymosis
- Petechiae
- Mouth & nose bleeds common
Cause of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?
- unknown, usually follows a viral infection (epstein-barr, varicella or HIV)
Most common bleeding disorder in children?
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
ITP – Therapeutic Management If mild thrombocytopenia and minimal bleeding?
may not treat
ITP – Therapeutic Management (meds)
- Prednisone or methylprednisolone
- platelet count usually shows improvement in 3-10 days
- IVIG
- Can improve platelet count in 24-48 hours
Why do the clinical manifestations of Hemphilia not occur until 6 months of age?
- kids not mobile until that age
- mobility leads to injury = bleed
