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Peds Exam (5900) #3 > WBC/Platelet Diseases > Flashcards

WBC/Platelet Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

HIV Selectively targets & destroys which cells?

A

CD4 T-cells (helper cells) or lymphocytes

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2
Q

Normal CDT count?

A

600-1200

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3
Q

a person’s immune system is considered severely weakened when the CDT count drops below what level?

A

200

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4
Q

a person is diagnosed with AIDS when the CDT count drops below what level?

A

200, even if they have not become sick from other infections

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5
Q

AIDS usually takes how long to develop from the time a person acquires HIV?

A

usually between 2 to 10 years or more.

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6
Q

(T/F) Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, she or he is always considered to have AIDS, even if that person’s CD4 count goes up again and/or they recover from the disease that defined their AIDS diagnosis?

A

True

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7
Q

Clinical Manifestations of AIDS in Neonates?

A

asymptomatic at birth

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8
Q

(T/F) Interval from HIV infection to onset of AIDS is shorter in children than adults?

A

True

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9
Q

Non-specific findings in children with HIV?

A
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • Oral candidiasis
  • Failure to thrive
  • Weight loss
  • Diarrhea
  • Chronic eczema/dermatitis
  • Fever
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10
Q

HIV/AIDS Therapeutic Management (Infants)?

A
  • aimed at preventing spread of HIV from mother
  • Mother should be placed on ART
  • Prophylaxis against PCP
  • Monitor labs
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11
Q

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders that result from deficiencies of specific clotting factors

A

Hemophilia

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12
Q

Hemophilia

A
  • A group of hereditary bleeding disorders that result from deficiencies of specific clotting factors
  • Almost exclusively a male disease and female carriers
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13
Q

Types of Hemophilia

A

Hemophilia A

Hemophilia B

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14
Q

Hemophilia A

A
  • Classic hemophilia
  • Deficiency of factor VIII
  • Most common type
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15
Q

Hemophilia B

A
  • Also known as Christmas disease

- Caused by deficiency of factor IX

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16
Q

Hemophilia – Clinical Manifestations

A
  • Bleeding tendencies range from mild to severe
  • Symptoms may not occur until 6 months of age
  • Hemarthrosis
  • Ecchymosis (easy bruising)
  • Nose bleeds
  • Bleeding after procedures
17
Q

Symptoms of Female carriers of Hemophilia?

A
  • Usually no symptoms of the disease

- May have prolonged bleeding

18
Q

Hemophilia – Diagnostics

A
  • Can be diagnosed through amniocentesis

- Genetic testing of family members to determine carriers

19
Q

Hemophilia Labs

A
  • low levels of clotting factors, prolonged PTT

- May have normal platelet count, PT & fibrinogen

20
Q

Hemophilia – Therapeutic Management

A
  • DDAVP
  • Replace missing clotting factors
  • Transfusions
    • At home with prompt intervention to decrease complications
    • Following major or minor hemorrhages
21
Q

DDAVP

A
  • Causes 2 to 4 times increase in factor VIII activity

- Used for mild hemophilia

22
Q

Hemophilia – Nursing Management

A
  • Manage pain
  • Ensure physical mobility after a joint bleed
  • Education on weight control to minimize joint stress
23
Q

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

A
  • Increased destruction of platelets
  • bone marrow production of platelets is generally normal
  • Considered an autoimmune disorder
24
Q
  • Increased destruction of platelets

- Even though bone marrow production of platelets is generally normal

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

25
Q

Clinical manifestations of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?

A
  • Ecchymosis
  • Petechiae
  • Mouth & nose bleeds common
26
Q

Cause of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?

A
  • unknown, usually follows a viral infection (epstein-barr, varicella or HIV)
27
Q

Most common bleeding disorder in children?

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

28
Q

ITP – Therapeutic Management If mild thrombocytopenia and minimal bleeding?

A

may not treat

29
Q

ITP – Therapeutic Management (meds)

A
  • Prednisone or methylprednisolone
    • platelet count usually shows improvement in 3-10 days
  • IVIG
    • Can improve platelet count in 24-48 hours
30
Q

Why do the clinical manifestations of Hemphilia not occur until 6 months of age?

A
  • kids not mobile until that age

- mobility leads to injury = bleed

Peds Exam (5900) #3 (10 decks)

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