Child w/ malignancy (Ch 22) Flashcards
which germ cell layer becomes connective tissue, muscle, bone, cartilage, kidneys, sex organs, blood, blood and lymph vessels and lymphoid organs
embryonic mesodermal germ layer
the embryonic mesodermal germ layer becomes?
connective tissue, muscle, bone, cartilage, kidneys, sex organs, blood, blood and lymph vessels and lymphoid organs
Most childhood cancers arise from which germ layer?
embryonic mesodermal germ layer
most adult cancers involve what type of tissue?
epithelial tissue
cancer of the epithelial tissue
carcinomas
carcinomas are cancers of which tissue type?
epithelial
In a majority of pediatric oncology cases, the tumor has metastasized at the time of diagnosis?
True
delayed diagnosis of cancer in children can be attributed to?
- nonspecificity of symptoms
- provider lack of experience and knowledge
most common types of childhood cancer?
- nonepithelial leukemia
- lymphoma
- sarcomas
- embryonal
most common types of adult cancer?
epithelial carcinoma
some S/S of childhood cancer?
- bone or abd pain
- mediastinal mass
- pale
- lethargy
- bruises easily
- petechiae
- weight loss
a small (1–2 mm) red or purple spot on the skin, caused by a minor bleed from broken capillary blood vessels
petechiae
the presence of pallor, ecchymoses and petechiae may indicate which type of cancer?
leukemia
Asymmetry of facial features may indicate which type of cancer?
retinoblastoma or nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma
enlarged, firm lymph nodes that are painful upon palpation and associated with weight loss, fever, and an abnormal chest x-ray may indicate which type of cancer?
a lymphoma such as Hodgkins lymphoma or NHL
What are the benefits of treating cancer by combining drugs that act different phases of the cell cycle?
- optimizes cell destruction
- reduces risk of developing a tolerance
- allows for smaller doses, reducing the potential for side effects from each drug
common side effects of chemotherapy in children?
- myelosuppression
- N/V
- diarrhea
- hair loss
- skin problems
suppression of bone marrow functions?
myelosuppression
Phases of chemo?
1) induction
2) consolidation
3) maintenance
4) observation
The phase of chemo where intensive therapy is given to kill enough cancerous cells to induce a remission?
induction
phase of chemo where remaining cancer cells are targeted?
consolidation
phase of chemo designated to provide less intensive txx to destroy any residual cancer cells?
maintenance