Child Maltreatment Flashcards
“Physical injury inflicted on a child by other than accidental means”
Abuse
“Failure, refusal or inability on the part of a parent, guardian, legal custodian or other person exercising temporary or permanent control over a child, for reasons other than poverty, to provide necessary care, food, clothing medical or dental care,or shelter so as to seriously endanger the physical health of the child”
Neglect
Long-term Consequences of CAN (Impaired brain development)
Mental retardation, learning disabilities.
Long-term Consequences of CAN (Physical disabilities)
Shaken baby syndrome, blindness,
Feeding problems, seizures,
Long-term Consequences of CAN (Poor school performance)
Truancy, discipline problems, lower test scores
Long-term Consequences of CAN Criminality
Increases likelihood of juvenile arrests by 59%
Long-term Consequences of CAN (ALL)
- Criminality
- Poor school performance
- Physical disabilities
- Impaired brain development
- Substance Abuse
- Psychological problems
- Financial cost to society
Long-term Consequences of CAN (Psychological problems)
Poor self-esteem, suicidal behavior, depression and/or anxiety
Maltreatment Risk factors (child)
- difficult temperament
- chronic illness
- multiple births (twins…)
- developmental or physical disabilities
- Low birth weight babies
- Premature infants
Which of the below is associated with juvenile delinquency and adult criminality?
A) Abuse and neglect
B) Maltreatment
B) Maltreatment
Most victims were abused by a _____?
parent or parents
Sexual abuse victims are most likely to be abused by ______?
non-relatives.
- Patterned injury which is caused by being whooped with a folded cord or belt.
Loop Marks
Suspect abuse If measurement between incisors on a bite mark is _______?
> 3mm
most common location for an inflicted burn on a child?
back of hands
Injuries seen in AHT
- Subdural hematomas
- Cerebral edema
- Skull fractures
- Rib fractures
- Retinal hemorrhages
- Not associated with neck injuries
- There may be no other signs of trauma!!!!!
Signs and Symptoms
- Seizures
- Abrupt change in LOC (early sign)
- Vomiting without diarrhea due to ICP
- Coma
- Fever
- Irritability
- Breathing difficulty
- Changes in visual gaze, sunset eyes
falls of )_______ can cause
- Bruising
- Swelling
- Small skull fracture (occassionally)
- SMALL subdural bleed under the contact site
3 feet or less
Metaphyseal Fractures
- Found at the end of the bone near the growth plate
- More suspicious for abuse
- Caused by “flailing limbs”
- Caused by yanking on limbs
- Can be seen when joints are forced into extension
Diaphyseal Fractures
- Involves the shaft of the long bones
- Can be seen in abuse or trauma
- Spiral Fracture
- Transverse or Oblique
- History should support the mechanism of injury
- Always more concerning in a younger child
Most common fracture seen in Children?
Skull Fractures
the highest rates of fatal child abuse occurs at what age?
< 4 y/o
Most common causes of child abuse deaths?
1) head injuries
2) abd injuries
3) intentional suffocation
what is the most common form of child maltreatment?
neglect
children between ages ______ to ______ are most at risk of abuse?
birth to 2 y/o
Behaviors that should raise suspicion of abuse include?
- being wary of adults
- cringing with sudden movements
- apathy
- excessive daydreaming
- any signs of anxiety or depression
- not turning to the parent for support
- attentive to other children crying
- poor hygiene and unusual dress (appropriate for weather?)
common unintentional injury sites?
- forehead
- elbows
- knees (patella)
- shins
If sexual assault is suspected, collection of evidence should occur?
within 72 hours of the event`
most common rib fractures in child abuse?
posterior rib fractures
S/S of shaken baby syndrome?
- lethargy
- seizures
- hyperirritability
- poor feeding
- bulging fontanels
- hypothermia
- dyspnea
- in severe cases: coma or cardiopulmonary arrest
