WBC Path Flashcards
Marker on Hematopoietic Stem Cells
CD34
Main two causative agents of Infectious Mononucleosis and a way to differentiate them.
EBV and CMV: monospot (+) means EBV
Down syndrome patient presents with recurrent infection and slow healing bruises. TdT (+) and CD10, and CD19 markers are positive. What gene mutation has a poor prognosis?
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (B type)
t(9:22): Philadelphia chromosome
Down syndrome patient presents with recurrent infection. Tests reveal positive myeloperoxidase stain and Auer rods are seen on blood smear. What is the gene mutation?
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
-t(15:17) involving retinoic acid receptor
Patient presents with recurrent infection and eventually dies. Blood smear reveals lymphocytes and smudge cells. What is the most common cause of death?
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- naïve B cells
- leads to hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infection (most common cause of death)
Patient presents with splenomegaly and “dry tap” bone marrow biopsy. Blood smear stain positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. What is the Dx?
Hair Cell Leukemia
- TRAP (+) staining
- bone marrow is fibrotic which is why there is no aspiration
Patient presents with a nasty red rash that covers his upper torso. Skin ointments and topical steroids have no effect. Anti-fungals also don’t work. Blood smear shows a cerebriform nuclei in lymphocytes. List all the buzz words for this condition.
Mycosis Fungoides (sezary syndrome)
- neoplastic CD4 t cells
- sezary cells form in pautrier microabscesses
Patient presents with large numbers of WBC in serum. Common gene mutations in this condition is t(9:22). What is the first line treatment?
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
- driven by Philadelphia chromosome
- can progress to AML or ALL
Tx: imatinib (suppresses tyrosine kinase activity)
Patient presents with itchy skin after a shower. What is the mutation and treatment?
Polycythemia vera -JAK2 kinase mutation -can also have blurry vision, or thrombosis -most commonly proliferation of RBCs Tx: phlebotomy
Mutation in follicular lymphoma
t(14:18)
BCL-2 switches to Ig heavy chain
apoptosis inhibited
Mutation in mantle cell lymphoma
t(11:14)
Cyclin D1 switches to Ig heavy chain
no inhibition of G1/S transition
3 disease associations with marginal zone lymphoma
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Sjogren Syndrome
H. pylori gastritis
Mutation in Burkitt Lymphoma and its appearance on microscopy
t(8:14)
c-myc switching with Ig heavy chain
Starry Sky appearance
EBV infection
Characteristic Cell of Hodgkin Lymphoma and its two markers
Reed Sternberg Cell
-CD15 and CD30
What are B symptoms of HL?
Fever, chills, night sweats
Most common type of HL
Nodular Sclerosis
bands of necrosis
Best prognostic HL
Lymphocyte Rich
HL associated with eosinophilia
Mixed Cellularity
HL seen in HIV patients
Lymphocyte Depleted
Patient presents with Roleuaux formation on blood smear.
Multiple Myeloma
Systemic complication of multiple myeloma
Amyloidosis: from the production of lots of Ig heavy and light chains
What are Bence Jones Proteins
Proteins of Ig light and heavy chains in the urine from multiple myeloma
What is MGUS?
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
-basically a multiple myeloma without the bone lesions, bence jones proteinuria or hypercalcemia
What is Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Massive replication of IgM
-penatamers cause clogging and hyperviscosity syndrome leading to hemorrhage or even stroke
