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Heme/Onc > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Heparin

A

MOA: activates Antithrombin III inhibiting the formation of Thrombin

Use: immediate anticoagulation for PE, stroke, coronary syndrome, MI, DVT, used in pregnancy

Toxicity: HIT, osteoporosis

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2
Q

Antidote for Heparin overdose

A

Protamine Sulfate

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3
Q

Enoxaparin (and other LMWH)

A

MOA: activates Antithrombin III (however this complex preferentially inhibits Xa rather than thrombin)

Use: immediate anticoagulation for PE, stroke, coronary syndrome, MI, DVT, used in pregnancy

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4
Q

Describe HIT

A

Heparin binds platelet factor IV causing an Ab production that overactivates platelets and depletes them

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5
Q

Lepirudin, Bilavirudin

A

MOA: direct thrombin inhibitors

Use: anything that you use heparin for when there is a risk of HIT

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6
Q

Warfarin

A

MOA: inhibits Vit. K epoxide reductaase

Use: post STEMI, DVT, prophylaxis for clotting (slow acting so heparin usually given first)

Tox: bleeding, Teratogenic, tissue necrosis

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7
Q

Streptokinase, Urokinase, tPA, APSAC

A

MOA: activates plasminogen to plasmin

Use: early MI, ischemic stroke

Tox: bleeding

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8
Q

Antidote for thrombolytics

A

Aminocaproic Acid

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9
Q

Aspirin

A

MOA: COX1 and 2 inhibitor, prevents formation of TxA2

Use: anti-pyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory

Tox: GI ulcer, bleeding, hyperventilation, Reye Syndrome, tinnitus

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10
Q

Clopidogrel, Ticlopidine

A

MOA: ADP blockers preventing platelet aggregation

Use: acute coronary syndrome, stenting, stroke

Tox: neutropenia

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11
Q

Cilostazol, Dipyridamole

A

MOA: Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, increases cAMP and inhibits platelet aggregation

Use: claudication, coronary vasodilation, TIAs

Tox: nausea, HA, flushing, hypotension

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12
Q

Abciximab

A

MOA: mab that binds GpIIb/IIIa receptor on platelets preventing aggregation

Use: vasospasm, coronary angioplasty

Tox: bleeding thrombocytopenia

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13
Q

Methotrexate

A

MOA: folic acid analog inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, so no protein synthesis

Use: cancers, ectopic pregnancy, RA, psoriasis

Tox: myelosuppression, fatty liver, teratogenic

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14
Q

5-Fluorouracil

A

MOA: pyrimidine analog that inhibits thymidylate synthase, so no protein synthesis

Use: colon cancer, solid tumors

Tox: myelosuppression, photosensitivity

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15
Q

6-Mercaptopurine

A

MOA: purine analog, decreases purine synthesis, activated by HGPRT

Use: leukemias, lymphomas

Tox: myelosuppression, not to be used with allopurinol

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16
Q

Doxorubicin

A

MOA: generates free radicals, intercalates DNA

Use: HL and myelomas

Tox: cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, alopecia

17
Q

Bleomycin

A

MOA: free radical formation which breaks DNA strands

Use: testicular cancer, HL

Tox: pulmonary fibrosis

18
Q

Etoposide

A

MOA: inhibits topoisomerase II

Use: small cell lung cancer, prostate, and testicular cancer

Tox: myelosuppression, GI upset

19
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

MOA: alkylate DNA, needs liver to activate

Use: NHL, breast and ovarian carcinoma

Tox: hemorrhagic cystitis

20
Q

Antidote for hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide

A

Mesna

21
Q

Bisulfan

A

MOA: alkylates DNA

Use: CML, ablate bone marrow before transplant

Tox: pulmonary fibrosis

22
Q

Vincristine

A

MOA: alkaloid that inhibits microtubule polymerization

Use: HL, Wilms tumor, ALL

Tox: neurotoxicity, ileus

23
Q

Vinblastine

A

MOA: alkaloid that inhibits microtubule polymerization

Use: HL, Wilms tumor, ALL

Tox: bone marrow suppression

24
Q

Paclitaxel

A

MOA: keep microtubules stabilized in the M phase (stuck)

Use: ovarian and breast cancer

Tox: myelosuppression

25
Q

Cisplatin

A

MOA: cross link DNA

Use: testicular, bladder, ovary, lung cancers

Tox: nephrotoxicity, VIII nerve damage

26
Q

Hydroxyurea

A

MOA: induces HbF production

Use: sickle cell disease

Tox: bone marrow suppression

27
Q

Tamoxifen

A

MOA: SERM, antagonist in breast, agonist in bone

Use: breast cancer, osteoporosis

Tox: not used in endometrial cancer risk

28
Q

Raloxifene

A

MOA: SERM antagonist in breast, agonist in bone

Use: breast cancer, osteoporosis

Tox: no risk of endometrial cancer

29
Q

Trastuzumab

A

MOA: mab against HER2 tyrosine kinase

Use: breast cancer

Tox: cardiotoxicity

30
Q

Imatinib

A

MOA: Philadelphia chromosome tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Use: CML, GI tumors

Tox: fluid retention

31
Q

Rituximab

A

MOA: mab against CD20 on B cell neoplasms

Use: NHL, RA

Heme/Onc (4 decks)

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