First Aid Heme Onc

Question 1

medicine that prevents mast cell degranulation

Answer 1

Cromolyn Sodium

Question 2

When do you administer Rhogam?

Answer 2

Usually during delivery, unless there is another bleeding issue

Question 3

vWF increases the half-life of this coagulation factor

Answer 3

VIII

Question 4

Function of Protein C

Answer 4

Combines with protein S to inactivate Va and VIIIa

• made with Vit. K
• reason for initial hypercoagulability of warfarin use (no protein C means higher chance for clotting)

Question 5

2 things platelets release to help platelets adhere to endothelium and bind to each other

Answer 5

ADP

Calcium

Question 6

Protein that binds platelets to each other by linking GIIb-IIIa receptors

Answer 6

Fibrinogen

Question 7

PG that prevents platelet aggregation

Answer 7

PGI2

Question 8

Bite cell

Answer 8

G6PD def.

Question 9

Atrophic Gastritis, Iron Deficiency, esophageal web.

Answer 9

Plummer Vinson

-chance of esophageal cancer

Question 10

Which thalassemia has 4 genes and depending on the number of mutated genes causes varying syptoms

Answer 10

Alpha Thalassemia

• all beta subunits form (no alphas)
• Hb Barts forms leading to hydrops fetalis

Question 11

What type of Hb increases in beta Thalassemia and what are the globin units?

Answer 11

Fetal Hb (HbF)
-has two alpha and two gamma

Question 12

Burtons lines on gums

Answer 12

Lead poisoning

Question 13

Treatment for lead poisoning

Answer 13

Dimercaperol

Succimer (peds)

Question 14

What is Sideroblastic anemia

Answer 14

Defect in heme synthesis

-treat with B6 (pyridoxine)

Question 15

Folate Def. vs. B12 def.

Answer 15

Folate: megaloblastic anemia with increased homocysteine only

B12: megaloblastic anemia with increased homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, neuro symptoms

Question 16

Protein raised in anemia of chronic disease and why?

Answer 16

Hepcidin

-released by liver in diseased states, binds up all transferring molecules preventing iron absorption leading to anemia

Question 17

Cause of hemolytic anemia of newborns

Answer 17

Pyruvate Kinase deficiency

Question 18

Defect in PNH

Answer 18

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

-no GPI to inhibit complement activation

Question 19

Which virus is associated with aplastic crisis in certain RBC congenital diseases?

Answer 19

B19

Question 20

Defect in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and then in Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Answer 20

ITP: anti-GpIIb-IIIa antibodies
TTP: ADAMTS13 defect (can’t break up vWF so more clots form)

Question 21

Most common cause of inherited hypercoagulability and cause

Answer 21

Factor V Leiden

-Factor V cannot be inactivated by Protein C

Question 22

Howell Jolly Bodies

Answer 22

Seen in autosplenectomy situations

hereditary spherocytosis, sickle cell

Question 23

Reed Sternberg Cells

Answer 23

Hodgkins Lymphomas

Question 24

Virus associated with HL vs. non-HL

Answer 24

EBV in HL

HIV with non-HL

Question 25

Name the Non-Hodgkin lymphoma gene mutations:

• Burkitt’s
• Mantle Cell
• Follicular

Answer 25

Burkitts: t(8;14), c-myc and heavy Ig chain switch
Mantle: t(11;14), cyclin D switches with heavy Ig chain
Follicular: t(14;18) bcl-2 with heavy Ig chain (apoptosis inhibited)

Question 26

Starry Sky appearance

Answer 26

Sheets of lymphocytes in burkitts lymphoma

Question 27

M-protein spike

Answer 27

Multiple Myeloma: fried egg appearance

hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, bone lesions, back pain

Question 28

Rouleux formation

Answer 28

Multiple Myeloma

Question 29

Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase

Answer 29

TRAP (+)

Hairy Cell Leukemia (T cells)

Question 30

Tennis rackets on EM

Answer 30

Birbeck granules in Langerhans Histiocytosis

S-100 expression