WBC (Malignant) Flashcards
Fatal systemic disease characterized by ________
excessive proliferation of clone of immature blood
Derived from hematopoietic stem cells
Leukemia
Immature blast cells are accompanied by
anemia and thrombocytopenia
specific names depends on the following
-tissue which they are found
-cells they are associated
-definitive cells they are produce
Etiology of leukemia
-radiation
-chemicals
-genetics/familial disease
-viruses
-primitive immune defects
-myeloproliferative disorders
oncogene
encodes protein vital in signal transduction, induction of cancer
chromosomal aberration including aneuploidy and breakage down syndrome
trisomy 21
excessive chromosomal breakage
fanconi sysndrome
marked chromosal breakage and arrangement
bloom syndrome
viruses uses enzyme
reverse transcriptase
associated with burkitt lymphoma and IM
Epstein barr virus
associated with T cell leukemia and lymphoma
Human t cell lymphototorphic virus
proto oncogenes
c-abi and c-sis
according to age
acute leukemia
chronic lymphocytic
Chronic grabulocytic
below 20
more than 50
20-50
resting lymphocte
-low level of dna replication
-poor host for many virus
-gene expression regulated
dividing lymphocyte
-high dna replication
-susceptible to potentially
-loss of control over gene expression
Laboratory findings
L1
variable wbc count < 20x10^9/L
Laboratory findings
L2
elevated wbc count > 20x10^9/L
Laboratory findings
L3
normal and elevated wbc count
MPAL
mixed phenotype acute leukemia
chronic disorder characterized by lymphadenopathy and infiltration of BM and PS by mature lymphocyte
CLL
most common type of leukemia in western world
CLL
BINET staging system for CLL
STAGE A
no anemia and thrombocytopenia less than 3 lymphoid areas
BINET staging system for CLL
STAGE B
no anemia and thrombocytopenia more than 3 lymphoid areas
BINET staging system for CLL
STAGE C
Anemia hb less than 100 g/L and PLT less than 100x10^9
signaling molecule used as surrogate marker for IgVH
ZAP70
wait and see approach
CLL
long standing given intermittently
Chlorambucil
6 courses
Fludarabine
progressive disease which abnormal cells accumulate
CLL
CLL lab finidng
absolute lymphocytosis in blood and lymphocytosis in marro2
smudge cells present in
CLL
LDT
blood lymphocyte doubling time
transformation of CLL to a large lymphoma, a rapid progressing lethal disease occur in 3-15% with CLL
Richter syndrome
Variant of CLL describe by Glaton
Prolymphocytic Leukemia
marked lymphocytosis, prominent splenomegaly without sig lymphadenopathy
Prolymphocytic Leukemia
lab finding in PLL
b cell prolymphocytes, t cell prolymphocytes, WBC count >400,000 . Hgb <12
variant of CLL, represents the leukemic phase of folicular or diffuse small, celaved cell lymphoma
Lymphosarcoma Cell Leukemia
slow progression, splenomegaly, pancytopenia, dry tap
Hairy Cell Leukemia
monoclonal antibody give positive reaction with hairy cells
DBA 44
predominance of primitive undifferentiated leukocyte
stem cell leukemia
neoplastic proliferation of one cell types of lymphopoietic reticular tissue
malignant lymphoma
4 types based in the extent of lymphocyte infiltration and abundance of reed sternberg
Rye classsification
similar with rye except for further breakdown of stage III
Ann Arbor Staging system
based on tumor growth pattern
rapoport classification
an indolent and includes extranodal tumours like malt
Marginal zone lymphoma
heterogenous but typically disseminated with marrow involvement
mantle cell lymphoma
