RBC Flashcards
Two groups of phospholipid
Choline phospholipid and aminophospholipid
choline phospholipid is composed of
phosphatidyl choline and sphygomyelin
aminophospholipid is composed of
phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine
factors produce resting biconcave
-elastic force
-hydrostatic pressure
-electric force
-surface tension
alteration of blood lipid concentration
spur cell anemia
PBS show abundant sharp speculated red cells
zieve syndrome
rbc show multiple and blunted projection in association with low blood cholesterol
abetalipoproteinemia
acquired disorder wherein diarrhea is seen Ecoli 0157
HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)
bleeding HELLP
DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulation)
distinguished by pentad of hemolytic anemia with abc fragmentation
TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)
deficiency of metalloproteinase as ADAMTS13
TTP
obstruction of microvasculature to the flow of erythrocytes
MAHA
patient with Mediterranean heritage
thalassemias
sickle cell anemia is also called
meniscocytosis or depranocytic anemia
test to differentiate Hb S from Hb D
ferrohemoglobin solubility test
second most common glycolytic disorder that produce hemolysis
glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency
4th common enzyme deficiency leading to hemolysis
pyrimidine -5- nucleotidase deficiency
test to distinguished G6PD A from B
Electrophoretic mobility
inefficient splicing of RNA to mRNA
thalassemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia
- increased iron demands
- insufficient intake, inadequate
absorption - chronic blood loss
- abnormal intrinsic iron metabolism
- lead interfere with the breakdown
of RNA by inhibiting the enzyme
pyramidine 5’ nucleotidase, causing
the accumulation of denatured RNA
lead poisoning
- hepcidin increases during
inflammation, and inhibits the
release of iron (blocks ferroportin)
Anemia of chronic
inflammation
- impaired response of marrow to
anemia - shortened red cell survival
Anemia of chronic
inflammation
- iron remains around mitochondria
waiting for porphyrin
Sideroblastic Anemia
- defective enzymes (for porphyrin):
ALA synthase, heme synthase,
ferrochelatase
failure in the production of RBCs,
WBCs and platelets
Aplastic Anemia
- reduced red blood cell life span
- decreased iron transfer from the
reticuloendothelial storage sites to
the bone marrow
Chronic Liver Disease
- vit. B12: necessary for the
maturation of cells - deficiency due to: diseased gut,
gastric or ileal abnormality, bacterial
overgrowth
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
folate (aka
PGA - pteroylglutamic
folate deficiency - pomotes methylation of
___ necessary for DNA
synthesis
deoxyridylate to form
deoxythymidilate
lack of castle intrinsic factor which
is needed for the normal absorption
of vitamin B12
- autoimmune disease in the
intestine (attacks intrinsic factor),
impairs absorption of vitamin B12
Pernicious Anemia
immature blood cells in the bone
marrow do not mature or become
healthy blood cells
Myelodysplasia
a subtype of acute myeloid
leukemia (AML) that is distinguished
by erythroblastic proliferation
Erythroleukemia
- defect in vertical binding of
structural protein (spectrin) of
the red blood cell membrane
Hereditary
Spherocytosis
- fragile self association of
spectrin to spectrin - it has normal central pallor
Hereditary
Elliptocytosis
- heterogenous group of
disorders caused by molecular
abnormalities in membrane
Hereditary
Elliptocytosis
alteration of spectrin and red
cell electrolytes causing the
cell to swell
Hereditary
Stomatocytosis/
Hydrocytosis
RBC lacks Rh group
Hereditary
Stomatocytosis/
Hydrocytosis
- increased degradation and
phosphorylation of membrane
proteins along with increased
RBC sphingomyelin
Acanthocytosis
defective spectrin function
- RBC shows budding and
fragmentation
Hereditary
Pyropoikilocytosis
- somatic mutation - PIG
(phosphatidylinolsitol
glycan)-A gene
PNH/
Marchia-fava-Michell
syndrome
- imbalance in the membrane
phospholipid content of RBC
due to the presence of
infection and stress
High Phosphatidyl
Choline Hemolytic
Anemia
occurs when our immune
system mistakenly identify our
RBCs as foreign substances
and attacks them
Autoimmune HA
occurs when our immune
system produces antibodies
against foreign antigens that
coat our RBCs due to blood
transfusion or contact
Alloimmune HA
associated with exposure to
cold temperature in the
presence of a cold hemolysis
known as
Donath-Landsteiner
Paroxysmal Cold
Hemoglobinuria
disorder of the small vessels
resulting in partial obstruction
of the microvasculature to the
flow of erythrocytes
- intravascular deposition of
fibrin strands on endothelial
surface
Microcytic Angiopathic
Hemolytic Anemia
- due to mechanical trauma
caused by prosthetic cardiac
valves. High blood flow
around the prosthetic causes
red blood cells to fragment
leading to intravascular
hemolysis. Any damaged cells
that do not hemolyze in
circulation are removed by the
spleen via extravascular
hemolysis
Macrocytic Angiopathic
Hemolytic Anemia
- failure in the production of
the red blood cells, white
blood cells and platelets, the
term known as Pancytopenia - problem in the cell lineage
(stem cells: damaged,
depleted and inhibited)
Aplastic Anemia
- bone marrow infiltration with
fibrotic, granulomatous, or
neoplastic cells
Myelophthisic Anemia
infection is known to
induce aplastic crisis in
patients with hemolytic
anemia, wherein there is
cessation of red blood cell
production
- human parvovirus B19 (B19
virus)
- a functional anemia of
iron-restricted erythropoiesis
related to diseases such as
infections, cancer, and
end-organ failure
Anemia of chronic
inflammation
differentiating falcon from other cause of aplasia
chromosomal analysis using diepoxybutane
anemia cause by space occupying disorders
myelopthisic anemia or myelopathic anemia
anemia of liver disease have a normal
wbc count, serum vit b12, folate level
anemias of nuclear development
congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
also known as congenital hemolytic
anemia
hereditary spherocytosis
pneumococcal vaccine is recommended
hereditary spherocytosis
also known as hereditary stomatocytosis
hereditary hydrocytosis
occurs primary in blacks
hereditary pyropoikilocytosis
