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Hematology > WBC Abnormalities/ Anomalies & WBC Lab Evaluation > Flashcards

WBC Abnormalities/ Anomalies & WBC Lab Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

Pancytopenia

A

severe decrease in all of the blood cells in the PB

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2
Q

Panhypercellular

A

increase in all of the blood cells in the PB

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3
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Increase in the total WBC count

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4
Q

Leukopenia

A

Decrease in the total WBC count

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5
Q

Granulocytopenia

A

Decrease in the # of granulocytes

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6
Q

Granulocytosis

A

Increase in granulocytes

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7
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Increase in # of neutrophils

most common cause is bacterial infections

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8
Q

Neutropenia

A

Decrease in # of neutrophils

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9
Q

Eosinophilia

A

increase in # of eosinophils

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10
Q

Eosinopenia

A

Decrease in # of eosinophils

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11
Q

Basophilia

A

Increase in # of basophils

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12
Q

Basopenia

A

Decrease in # of basophils

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13
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

Increase in # of lymphocytes

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14
Q

Lymphocytopenia

A

Decrease in # of lymphocytes

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15
Q

monocytosis

A

increase in the # of monocytes

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16
Q

Monoctyopenia

A

Decrease in the # of monocytes

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17
Q

Reactive Neutrophilia

A

occurs as a reaction to a physiologic/pathologic process

can be immediate, acute or chronic

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18
Q

Immediate Neutrophilia

A

seen in active exercise, epinephrine, anesthesia, anxiety
lasts 20-30 minutes
independent of BM input

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19
Q

Acute Neutrophilia

A

occurs within 4-5 hours of stimulus- bacterial infection/toxin
increase flow of segs from BM storage to PB

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20
Q

Chronic Neutrophilia

A

follows acute if stimulus persists

increase production in mitotic pool

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21
Q

Leukomoid Reaction

A

extreme neutrophilic reactions
too high WBC count for a bacterial infection
>50x10^9
left shift! (immature leukocytes circulating)
may resemble CML

22
Q

Hypersegmentation of Neutrophils

A

neutrophil with 6+ lobes
seen in:
megaloblastic anemias & chronic infections

23
Q

Hyposegmentation of Neutrophils

A

neutrophil with 2 or fewer lobes
‘peanut’ or ‘dumbbell’ shaped
seen in:
Pelger-Huet (genetic anomaly: cells function normally)

24
Q

Pyknotic (Pyknosis)

A 
dying neutrophils
related to apoptosis
seen in: 
infections
artifact
malignancies
25
Q

Toxic Granulation

A

Large, dark granules in the cytoplasm of neutrophils
composed of primary granules
seen in: bacterial infections, inflammatory conditions, burns, cancer, toxic drugs
Toxic granulation, Dohle bodies and cytoplasmic vacuoles are frequently seen together

26
Q

Dohle Bodies

A

pale blue, round, oval, or rod shaped inclusions in the cytoplasm of neutrophils & eosinophils
VERY HARD TO SEE
composed of ribosomal RNA
seen in: bacterial infections, burns, cancer, toxic drugs, May-Hegglin anomaly

27
Q

Vacuolization/ cytoplasmic vacuoles

A

bubbles/ open areas within the cytoplasm
seen in: bacterial infections, burns, cancer, toxic drugs, inflammation
evidence of phagocytic activity

28
Q

Auer Rods

A

red-purple small rods
found within the cytoplasm of BLAST cells
composed of fused primary granules

29
Q

Degranulation of Neutrophils

A

‘hypogranulation’
absence of granules
seen in: infections, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasms

30
Q

Alder-Rielly Anomaly

A

purple/red granules seen in all leukocytes
Very pronounced granulation
easily confused with toxic granulation
blood cells function normally

31
Q

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

A

Very large bluish granules appear in neutrophils & lymphocytes composed of fused primary & secondary granules
cells do not function normally (do not kill microbes)
death usually occurs in infancy or childhood
hypopigmentation of skin, silvery hair, photophobia

32
Q

May-Hegglin anomaly

A

Dohle-like inclusions in mature WBCs composed of RNA
usually larger & more round in shape than Dohle bodies
cells function normally

33
Q

Myeloperoxidase Deficiency

A

defective microbicidal activity
benign hereditary disorder
slower killing of microbes
no clinical consequence

34
Q

Reactive Eosinophilia

A

infections with helminthic parasites

allergic diseases

35
Q

Basophilia

A 
> 0.2x10^9/L
thyroid insufficiency
inflammatory reactions
chronic myeloproliferative diseases
basophilic leukemia
36
Q

Reactive Monocytosis

A

chronic infectious processes (bacterial)
inflammatory & immune disorders
chronic neutropenic disorders

37
Q

Basket Cell

A

nuclear remnants from smear prep

38
Q

Smudge Cells

A

smudged nucleus during smear prep

common in chronic lymphocytic leukemia due to increased cell fragility

39
Q

Manual WBC count

A

(# of cells counted)/ (# of squares x L x W x D) multiplied by dilution factor

40
Q

Interpreting Leukocytosis

A

slight elevations = bacterial infections

extreme elevations = leukemias

41
Q

Interpreting Leukopenia

A

viral infections

chemotherapy

42
Q

Interpreting Neutrophilia

A

inflammation
bacterial infections
myelocytic leukemia
leukomoid reaction

43
Q

Interpreting Lymphocytosis

A

increase in atypical lymphs in a young adult/teenager can indicate infectious mononucleosis (viral infection)

44
Q

Interpreting Monocytosis

A

during recovery phase from acute infections
TB
monocytic leukemia

45
Q

Interpreting Eosinophilia

A

allergies
parasites
granulocytic leukemia

46
Q

Interpreting Basophilia

A

granulocytic leukemias

severe allergic reactions

47
Q

Interpreting Neutropenia

A

acute viral infection
bone marrow damage
overwhelming infection (BM exhausted)
chemo

48
Q

Interpreting Lymphopenia

A

radiation poisoning
cortical steriods
sepsis

49
Q

Left Shift

A

immature cells that are not usually present in the PB

50
Q

Flipped Diff

A

more lymphocytes than segs

51
Q

Nucleated RBC count

A

(WBC count x100)/ (100+# of NRBCs) = corrected WBC count

Hematology (14 decks)

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