WBC 3 Flashcards
Types of neutrophilia
-physiologic
-steroid
-inflammatory
-neoplastic
What is leukemia?
Presence of neoplastic cells in blood
*any hematopoietic cell line, including erythroid
Chronic leukemia
-cells are mature (easily ID’d)
-indolent course of disease- not systemically ill… detect leukemia accidentely
Acute leukemia
-cells are immature (difficult to ID because not well differentiated)
-animal systemically ill and will die soon without treatment
Chronic Neutrophilic leukemia
Acute leukemia
Transient causes of neutropenia
-peracute inflammation
-acute, severe inflammation (degenerative left shift)
-normal variation
**less concerning
Bone marrow during leukemia
-Contains neoplastic cells
-may see cytopenias (non regenerative anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
**if you see 2= bicytopenia, or 3= pancytopenia
Persistent causes of neutropenia
-immune-mediated
-idiopathic
-bone marrow disorder
**more concerning
What causes bone marrow causes of neutropenia?
-infectious agents, especially viral
-drugs, toxins, radiation
-immune mediated disease
-necrosis/fibrosis
-neoplasia
-genetic disorders (eg. cyclic neutropenia of grey collies)
Half lives of neutrophils, platelets, RBCs
Neutrophils: 10-15hrs
**neutropenia appears first because shortest half life
Platelets: 5-7 days
RBCs 110-120 days
**non regenerative anemia will appear last
What likely causes neutropenia from an acquired bone marrow disorder?
Stem cell injury
-Can be reversible (acute, transient; varying duration) OR irreversible
Acute, transient Reversible stem cell injury
-acute, transient
-from infection with canine parvovirus or feline panleukopenia virus
-rapidly dividing cells in the bone marrow of GI tract
What are the two reasons that you see neutropenia from a reversible stem cell injury due to canine parvo or feline panleukopenia?
- Stem cell injury and failure of production = affects all cell lines, but only see neutropenia due to transient injury
- Neutrophil consumption in GI tract= often see inflammatory leukogram with marrow recovery
Reversible stem cell injury with varying duration
From:
-chemotherapeutic drugs, estrogen
-idiosyncratic drug reactions
-Ehrlichia
**longer duration means other cytopenia may develop, and irreversible injury may occur
Irreversible stem cell injury
-neutropenia= vulnerable to chronic infections
-long duration means other cytopenias may develop (thrombocytopenia, non-regenerative anemia)
-need to monitor for signs of marrow recovery
What should be done if you have a Persistent, unexplained cytopenia?
*includes neutropenia, non regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia
Need to do a bone marrow evaluation and evaluate the CBC at same time
Causes of eosinophilia
-parasitism
-allergic/hypersensitivity disorders
-paraneoplastic (eg. secondary to lymphosarcoma, mast cell neoplasia)
-idiopathic (infiltrative eosinophilic organ disease, bronchopneumopathy, myositis, gastroenteritis, hypereosiophilic syndrome)
-eosinophilic leukemia
Will eosinophilia be well represented in the blood?
Not necessarily. Tissue eosinophilia may not be reflected in peropheral blood
-therefore parasites in tissues result in higher eosinophils than parasites in the blood
Causes of basophilia
-parasitism
-allergic/hypersensitivity disorders
-basophil leukemia
-other hematopoietic neoplasia
**often eos will be increased as well
Occurance of Monocytosis
-occurs when there is an increased tissue demand for phagocytic cells
eg. inflammation, necrosis, granuloma, immune mediated disease, neoplasia, trauma
-become macrophages in tissues
What does monocytosis indicate on a leukogram?
-Physiologic, steroid leukogram
OR
-monocytic leukemia
Are eosinopenia, basopenia, or monocytopenia pathologically significant?
No
-reference interval for these goes to 0
Causes of Lymphocytosis
-physiologic
-vaccination
-young animals exposed to novel antigens
-chronic antigenic stimulation especially Ehrlichia
-lymphocytic leukemia (Chronic or Acute).. most common
-hypoadrenocorticism- may not appear as expected and will have lymphocytosis
Causes of lymphopenia
-stress/steroid therapy
-leakage of chyle
-immunodeficiency
eg. immunosuppressive drugs, radiation, hereditary immunodeficiencies
