Blood loss anemia

Question 1

Regenerative anemia

Answer 1

-appropriate marrow response to blood loss or hemolysis
-mild to marked anemia
-macrocytic, hypochromic
-polychromasia/reticulocytosis

Question 2

Poodles and macrocytes

Answer 2

Normal, if you see no signs of anemia

Question 3

What is external blood loss?

Answer 3

-RBC lost from the body
-no opportunity for recycling

Question 4

What is internal blood loss?

Answer 4

Bleeding into internal cavities
-Recycling
-Autotransfusion

Question 5

Acute External blood loss

Answer 5

-mild to marked anemia
-normocytic, normochromic
-nonregenerative (because it takes time!!)
-no change in RBC morphology
-Panhypoproteinemia= proteins decreased

Question 6

External blood loss one week later

Answer 6

-mild to marked anemia
-macrocytic (because regeneration), hypochromic
-regeneration
-polychromasia, macrocytes, nuclear remnants
-proteins improved

Question 7

Chronic internal blood loss

Answer 7

-mild to marked anemia
-macrocytic, hypochromic
-regeneration (often robust)
-polychromasia, macrocytes, nuclear remnants
-proteins WRI

Question 8

Chronic external blood loss

Answer 8

-mild to marked anemia
-microcytic, hypochromic
-inadequately regenerative
-keratocytes, schizocytes, microcytes, hypochromic RBC
-proteins may be decreased

-LACKS IRON

Question 9

Shiba Inus and microcytic

Answer 9

Can be normally microcytic if you see no anemia
**Japanese breeds

Question 10

Pathophysiology of chronic external blood loss

Answer 10

1. Fe loss from body over time
2. Fe not available for Hemoglobin synthesis
3. Inadequately regenerative anemia
4. Precursos undergo additional divisions= microcytosis AND less hemoglobin=hypochromasia
5. RBC lifespan is decreased because they are more fragile. Keratocytes and schizocytes (RBC fragments likely present)
6. Thrombocytosis also present

Question 11

Iron deficiency anemia causes

Answer 11

Chronic external blood loss
-parasites
-GI ulcers
-Bleeding neoplasia
-Hemostatic disorders (will present for hemorrhage)
-Inadequate dietary iron= seen in neonates (because milk poor)

Question 12

Determining GI or urinary tract bleeding

Answer 12

-Need to question clients Check for hematuria, melena, hematochezia, fecal occult blood, fecal float for parasites

Question 13

Other indicators of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 13

-decreased serum Fe concentration
-increased transferrin= total iron binding capacity (**not always present in dogs and cats)
-decreased total body iron stores (ferritin and hemosiderin)

Question 14

External blood loss anemia and proteins

Answer 14

-RBC and proteins lost to the body
-Acute= panhypoproteinemia
-Chronic= protein often Within Reference Intervals

Question 15

Internal blood loss proteins

Answer 15

Proteins often not as low because they can be reabsorbed

Question 16

Hemolysis protein levels

Answer 16

-Anemia due to RBC destruction
-Expect proteins to be within reference intervals