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Clin Path > RBC > Flashcards

RBC Flashcards

1
Q

Anemia

A

Decreased RBC concentration in peripheral blood

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2
Q

How can you detect anemia?

A
  1. decreased RBC count
  2. decreased hemoglobin concentration
  3. Decreased hematocrit
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3
Q

How to classify anemia?

A

1.cause (eg. blood loss vs hemolysis)

  1. degree of anemia (mild. moderate, marked)
  2. Regenerative vs. non-regenerative
  3. Erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCHC)
  4. Erythrocyte morphology
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4
Q

Causes of anemia

A
  1. blood loss anemia (RBC loss)
  2. Hemolytic anemia (RBC destroyed)
  3. Non regenerative anemia (RBC not made)
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5
Q

Degree of anemia

A

-Mild, moderate, marked
-determined by using hematocrit

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6
Q

Regeneration

A

Erythropoiesis is ongoing. An increased erythropoiesis is normal response of bone marrow to anemia

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7
Q

What do you see if you have regeneration?

A

-presence of polychromatophils/reticulocytes (immature RBCs)
*except horses

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8
Q

What do you see if you have non-regenerative?

A

-lack of RBC production by bone marrow
-absence of polychromasia/reticulocytosis

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9
Q

Erythropoiesis stages

A
  1. Differentiation (loss of nucleus, hemoglobinization)
  2. multiplication (mitotic divisions)

**All takes time!

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10
Q

Timing of erythropoietin

A

within minutes

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11
Q

Timing of reticulocytes

A

2-4days

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12
Q

Timing of peak response

A

7-10 days

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13
Q

What is the rate limiting ingredient for regeneration?

A
  1. Timing
  2. Iron!!
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14
Q

Grading the regenerative response

A

Use absolute reticulocyte count
*horses do not produce reticulocytes
*not really an issue in cattle

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15
Q

Why determine the regenerative response?

A

To determine if the regenerative response is adequate
*need to take into account the level of response AND the anemia level to determine if adequate

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16
Q

Regenerative anemia in horses

A

Horses don’t produce polys/retics
-therefore must check for:

  1. Increasing Hematocrit over time
  2. Macrocytosis, increased anisocytosis
  3. Bone marrow- erythroid hyperplasia
17
Q

MCV

A

Mean cell volume (fL)
-microcytic, normocytic, macrocytic

18
Q

MCHC

A

Mean Cell Hemoglobin concentration (g/L)
-Hypochromic vs. Normochromic
*no hyperchromic because typically an artifact. RBCs don’t overproduce

19
Q

MCH

A

Mean Cell Hemoglobin
-not used much because varies on size of the RBCs

20
Q

What does adequate regenerative anemia often point towards?

A

-blood loss or hemolysis

21
Q

What can decreased plasma proteins indicate?

A

Decreased proteins linked with blood loss

Clin Path (2 decks)

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