Waves & Sound Flashcards
Transverse waves
DIrection of particle oscilation is perpendicular to the propagation of the wave
Longitudinal wave
Particles of the wave oscillate parallel to the direction of the propagation;in direction of energy transfer
Slinky
What kind of waves are sound wave?
Longitudinal waves
Rarefaction
Decompression
Wavelength
Distance from crest to crest or trough to trough
Frequency
Number of wavelengths passing a fixed point per second
Hertz/cycles per second
Propagation of a wave equation
v=f(wavelength)
Period
Number of seconds per cycle
Angular frequency
Radias/sec, springs & pendula
=2(pi)f=2(pi)/T
Amplitude
Maximum magnitude of displacement from equilibrium position
Phase difference
How in or out of step waves are, trough to crest would be wavelength/2 or 180 degrees out of step
What is the degrees of one wave cycle/wavelength
360 degrees
Principle of superposition
When waves interact with each other, the displacement of the resultant wave at any point is the sum of the displacements of two interacting waves
Constructive interference
When wave amplitudes are added together
Destructive interference
When waves are out of step & subtracted from each other
Transverse wave
Moving wave, refelected & inverted at a fixed boundary & max & min points change
Standing waves
Fixed at both ends so they appear stationary
Nodes
Where wave is at rest & amplitude=0
Antinodes
Points midway between nodes & fluxuate with max amplitude
Frequencies audible for healthy adults
20 to 20,000 Hz
Forced oscillation
If a periodically varying force is applied to a system, the system will then be driven at a frequency equal to the frequency of the force
Resonation
When the frequency of the periodic force is equal to a natural frequency of the system & amplitude is maximum
Dampening/attenuation
Decrease in amplitude of a wave caused by a applied or non-conservative force
