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MCAT physics & math > Electrostatics & Magnetism > Flashcards

Electrostatics & Magnetism Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of force is gravity always?

A

Attractive

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2
Q

Why static charge more significant in drier air?

A

Lower humidity makes it easier for charge to become & remain separated

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3
Q

SI unit of charge

A

Coulomb

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4
Q

Fundament unit of charge

A

e= +/- 1.6 x 10^-19 C

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5
Q

Law of conservation of charge

A

Charge cannot be created or destroyed

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6
Q

What are characteristics of insulators?

A

Electrons near the nucleus
Usually nonmetals
Can be used as dielectric materials in capacitors

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7
Q

How do negative charges distribute around conductors?

A

Evenly over entire surface

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8
Q

Coulomb’s Law

A

Quantifies the magnitude of electrostatic force between charges
F=kq1q2/r^2

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9
Q

Coulomb’s constant/electrostatic constant

A

1/4(pi)E0

8.99 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2

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10
Q

Permitivity of free space

A

8.85 x 10^-12 C^2/Nm^2

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11
Q

Which is larger gravitational or electrostatic force?

A

Electrostatic (by about 2.5 x 10^39 larger

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12
Q

Q

A

Source charge that creates the electric field

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13
Q

E

A

Electric field

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14
Q

q

A

test charge that is placed into the electric field

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15
Q

Equations for electric field

A

E=Fc/q=kQ/r^2

E in N/C or v/m

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16
Q

Electric force within an electric field

A

F=qE

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17
Q

Field lines

A

Imaginary lines that represent how a positive test charge would move in the presence of the source charge

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18
Q

If the test charge within a field is positive, then the force will point?

A

In the same direction as the electric field vector of the source charge

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19
Q

If test charge within the field is negative, then the force will point?

A

Opposite to the field vector of the source charge

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20
Q

Electrical potential energy

A

Dependent on the relative position of one charge with respect to another charge or to a collection of charges

U=kQq/r

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21
Q

Another way to define electric potential energy

A

The amount of work necessary to bring the charge from infinitely far away to that point within the field

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22
Q

If charges are like charges, potential energy will be?

A

Positive (inverse stability to distance)

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23
Q

If charges are opposite, potential energy will be?

A

Negative (direct stability to distance)

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24
Q

What causes more electrical potential energy?

A

Like charges moving together or Unlike charges moving apart

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25
Q

How do you find an individual charge amount

A

Multiply the +/- amount times the fundamental unit of charge

26
Q

Electrical potential

A

Ratio of the magnitude of a charges’s electricsl potential energy to the magnitude of the charge itself

V=U/q in Volts (J/C)

27
Q

Electrical potential without the test charge

A

V=kQ/r

28
Q

What is the electrical potential for positive & negative source charges?

A

Positive & negative

29
Q

Voltage/Potential difference

A

Delta V= Vb-Va=Wab/q

30
Q

Which way will a positive test charge move?

A

From high to low electrical potential to decrease electrical potential & decrease electrical potential energy

31
Q

What will be the voltage of a positive test charge as it moves?

A

Negative, in order to decrease electrical potential energy

32
Q

Which way will a negative test charge move?

A

From low to high electrical potential to increase electrical potential & decrease electrical potential energ

33
Q

What will be the voltage of a negative test charge as it moves?

A

Positive,

Negative work/Negative q gives positive voltage so that potential energy is still decreasing

34
Q

Other equations for electrical potential energy (U)

A

U=q x DeltaV

U= qEd

35
Q

Equipotential line

A

A line on which the potential energy at every point is the same, the potential difference between any two points on the line is zero

36
Q

What will change the electrical potential involving equipotential lines?

A

Moving from one equipotential line to another, no work done on a single equipotential line)

37
Q

Electric dipole

A

Results from two equal and opposite charges being separated a small distance d from each other

38
Q

Dipole electrical potential

A

V=kqdcos/r^2

d=distance between two charges
r= distance between dipole center & a single point

39
Q

Dipole moment

A

p=qd

40
Q

How do physicists define the direction of dipole moment?

A

from negative to positive charge

41
Q

Perpendicular bisector of the dipole

A

The plane that lies halfway between +q & -q

Electrical potential at any point along this line=0 bc cos90=0

42
Q

Magnitude of the electric field o the perpendicular bisector of the dipole

A

E=1/4(pi)eo x p/r^3

43
Q

Which direction will the electric field vectors point along perpendicular bisector?

A

Opposite to p

44
Q

Net torque on the dipole

A

t=pEsin

Equal to (d/2)Fesin + (d/2)Fesin

Allows dipole to reorient itself so that its dipole moment aligns with electrical field

45
Q

Dipole has what kinds of equilibrium

A

Translational but not rotational

46
Q

Electric potential between 2 plates

A

V=Ed

47
Q

SI unit for magnetic strength

A

Tesla (T)= 1 Ns/mC

Sometimes use gauss, 1 T=10^4 gauss

48
Q

Magnetic field

A

Created by any moving charge

49
Q

Diamagnetic material

A

Made of atoms with no unpaired electrons and that have no net magnetic field
Slightly repelled by a magnet

50
Q

Paramagnetic materials

A

Have unpaired electrons & become weakly magnitized in the presence of of an external magnetic field

51
Q

Ferromagnetic materials

A

Have unpaired electrons and permanent atomic magnetic dipoles & orient randomly so material has no magnetic dipole until exposed to magnetic field & become Strongly magnitized

52
Q

Examples of paramagnetic materials?

A

Aluminum, copper, gold

53
Q

Examples of ferromagnetic materials

A

Iron, nickel, cobalt

54
Q

Magnetic field on a straight, current carrying wire

A

B=uo(I)/2pi(r)

B=magnetic field
uo=4pi x 10^-7 Tm/A

55
Q

Where does the thumb point in the right hand rule for magnetic field on a straight wire?

A

In the direction of I

56
Q

Magnetic field at the center of a circular loop of wire

A

B=uo(I)/2r

57
Q

Lorentz force

A

Sum of electrostatic & magnetic forces acting on them at the same time

58
Q

Magnetic force

A

FB=qvBsin

59
Q

What happens if a charge moves parallel or anitparallel to the magnetic field vector?

A

NO magnetic force

60
Q

Which direction should you point the thumb for magnetic force right hand rule?

A

Along the force
Fingers toward velocity
Palm towards field

61
Q

Which will always be perpendicular in magnetic force?

A

v and magnetic force

62
Q

Magnetic force created by a current carrying wire

A

FB=ILBsin

theta=angle between L & B

MCAT physics & math (9 decks)

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