waves paper 2

Question 1

what are longitudinal waves and example

Answer 1

sound waves in air- transfer sound energy

as particles in the air move form side to side- there are reigns where that particles move closely together this is called compressions, the spaces where they are more spread out are called rarefactions

oscillations are parallel to direction of energy being transferred

longitudinal waves require a medium to travel in eg air liquid or solid

Question 2

what are transverse waves and example

Answer 2

ripples on water surface- transfer kinetic energy
In transverse waves the oscillations are perpendicular ( at a right angle) to the direction the energy is being transferred

not all transverse waver require a medium

Question 3

what do waves do ?

Answer 3

transfer energy from one place to another

Question 4

what is oscillations

Answer 4

waves moving up and down

Answer 5

in waves it is not the air, water or solid ( medium ) that travels but the waves that travel

Question 6

transverse wave image

Answer 6

slinky shows transverse waves and imitates the ripples of water. the red dot shows a single pint which could represent water molecule, when the wave travels through the dot oscillates up an down but does not travel along the medium

Question 7

longitudinal wave image

Answer 7

longitudinal waves traveling along the slinky represent sound waves in air and the dot represents the particles of air which are oscillating side to side but not traveling with the wave.

Question 8

what are waves ?

Answer 8

things that transfer energy from one place to another/ between stores, without transferring any matter.

Question 9

what is an amplitude

Answer 9

maximum point of displacement/ movement on a wave from its undisturbed position

distance between crest of the wave and undisturbed position

Question 10

what is wave length ?

Answer 10

a wave length is a the distance from a point on a way to the equivalent point on the adjacent wave.

Question 11

what is the Greek symbol for wavelength?

Answer 11

lambda

Question 12

how to measure wave length of longitudinal waved

Answer 12

measure from one compression or rarefaction to the next compression or rarefaction

Question 13

what is frequency and unit

Answer 13

number of waves passing a point each second
(Hz) hertz

1 (Hz) = 1 wave [er second

Question 14

what is a period in waves and unit ?

Answer 14

period is the time in seconds it takes 1 wave to pass a point

period (s) = 1 divided by frequency (Hz)

Question 15

what do hertz mean

Answer 15

1 Hz = 1 wave per second

Question 16

what is wave speed

Answer 16

speed at which the wave moves through the medium/ speed at which energy is transferred

Question 17

wave speed equation

Answer 17

wave speed (m/s) = frequency(Hz) x wavelength (m)
(V) = f x Lambda

Question 18

cymbals timer experiment + problems

Answer 18

2 people stand at a decided distance away form each other, maybe 500m. one person has a timer at zero. the other claps some cymbals when the timer begins. the other person stops the timer when they hear the cymbals.

problems are that everyone has a different reaction time so the time may not be accurate. we can reduce this error by having a large number of people with timers recording theta they hear the sound. take there results, discard any anomalous and calculate the mean.

Time between the symbols clash and hearing the sound is very short making it very difficult to press timer at the correct time. reduce problem by increasing distance.

Answer 19

ripple tank is used to observe features of water waves- is is shallow tank of water with a vibrating bar which is connected to a power pack. when the bar vibrates it creates ripples on the water. above the tank there is a lamb and below the tank Is a sheet of white paper. when the light shines through the water it creates an image of the waves on the paper.

yo measure wave length place a ruler on the paper and measure each wavelength or 10 wavelength at once and divide by 10

to work out frequency we place a timer next to that paper and count how many waves there are passing a marked point in 10 seconds then divide that value by 10 to get frequency per 1 second.

another way to work out wave speed is to pick a wave at the start and time how long it takes to move the length of the tank the dividing distance traveled by time take

the results however may be slightly different due to measuring errors